Research Catalog

Title

Ion channels of excitable membranes / Bertil Hille.

Author

Hille, Bertil, 1940-

Publication

Sunderland, Mass. : Sinauer, c2001.

Items in the Library & Off-site

Details

Description

xviii, [8] p. of plates, 814 p. : ill. (some col.); 24 cm.

Uniform Title

Ionic channels of excitable membranes.

Subjects

• Ion Channels > physiology
• Muscle cells
• Neurons
• Cell membranes
• Ion channels

Note

• Rev. ed. of: Ionic channels of excitable membranes. 2nd ed.

Bibliography (note)

• Includes bibliographical references (p. 723-787) and index.

Processing Action (note)

• committed to retain

Contents

Channels and ions are needed for excitation 2 -- Channels get names 5 -- Channels have families 7 -- Ohm's law is central 7 -- Membrane as a capacitor 10 -- Equilibrium potentials and the Nernst equation 13 -- Current-voltage relations of channels 17 -- Ion selectivity 21 -- Signaling requires only small ion fluxes 21 -- Part I Description of Channels -- Chapter 2 Classical Biophysics of the Squid Giant Axon 25 -- Action potential is a regenerative wave of Na[superscript +] permeability increase 26 -- Voltage clamp measures current directly 33 -- Ionic current of axons has two major components: I[subscript Na] and I[subscript K] 35 -- Ionic conductances describe the permeability changes 38 -- Two kinetic processes control g[subscript Na] 42 -- Hodgkin-Huxley model describes permeability changes 45 -- Hodgkin-Huxley model predicts action potentials 52 -- Do models have mechanistic implications? 54 -- Voltage-dependent gates have gating charge and gating current 56 -- Classical discoveries recapitulated 59 -- Chapter 3 Superfamily of Voltage-Gated Channels 61 -- Drugs and toxins help separate currents and identify channels 62 -- Drugs and toxins act at receptors 64 -- Gates open wide at the cytoplasmic end of the pore, and the pore narrows at the outside 69 -- Early evidence for a pore came from biophysics 71 -- There is a diversity of K channels 72 -- Voltage-gated Na channels are less diverse 73 -- Ion channels can be highly localized 78 -- Voltage-gated channels form a gene superfamily 81 -- Crystal structure shows a pore! 85 -- Patch clamp reveals stochastic opening of single ion channels 87 -- Recapitulation 92 -- Chapter 4 Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels 95 -- Early work found Ca channels in every excitable cell 98 -- Ca[superscript 2+] ions can regulate contraction, secretion, and gating 100 -- Ca[superscript 2+] dependence imparts voltage dependence 108 -- Multiple channel types: Dihydropyridine-sensitive channels 110 -- Neurons have many HVA Ca-channel subtypes 115 -- Voltage-gated Ca channels form a homologous gene family 117 -- A note on Ca-channel nomenclature 119 -- Permeation and ionic block require binding in the pore 120 -- Do all Ca channels inactivate? 124 -- Channel opening is voltage-dependent and delayed 127 -- Overview of voltage-gated Ca channels 128 -- Chapter 5 Potassium Channels and Chloride Channels 131 -- Fast delayed rectifiers keep short action potentials short 134 -- Slow delayed rectifiers serve other roles 134 -- Transient outward currents space repetitive responses 136 -- Shaker opens the way for cloning and mutagenesis of K channels 140 -- Ca[superscript 2+]-dependent K currents make long hyperpolarizing pauses 143 -- Spontaneously active cells can serve as pacemakers 147 -- Inward rectifiers permit long depolarizing responses 149 -- What are K[subscript ir] channels used for? 153 -- 4TM and 8TM K channels 154 -- Bacterial KcsA channel is much like eukaryotic K channels 155 -- An overview of K channels 156 -- A hyperpolarization-activated cation current contributes to pacemaking 158 -- Several strategies underlie slow rhythmicity 160 -- Cl channels stabilize the membrane potential 160 -- Cl channels have multiple functions 162 -- Chapter 6 Ligand-Gated Channels of Fast Chemical Synapses 169 -- Ligand-gated receptors have several architectures 170 -- Acetylcholine communicates the message at the neuromuscular junction 172 -- Agonists can be applied to receptors in several ways 176 -- Decay of the endplate current reflects channel gating kinetics 177 -- Fluctuation analysis supported the Magleby-Stevens hypothesis 179 -- ACh receptor binds more than one ACh molecule 182 -- Gaps in openings reveal slow agonist unbinding 183 -- Agonist usually remains bound while the channel is open 184 -- Ligand-gated receptors desensitize 184 -- An allosteric kinetic model 185 -- Recapitulation of nAChR channel gating 187 -- Nicotinic ACh receptor is a cation-permeable channel with little selectivity 187 -- Fast chemical synapses are diverse 188 -- Fast inhibitory synapses use anion-permeable channels 191 -- Excitatory amino acids open cation channels 195 -- Recapitulation of fast chemical synaptic channels 199 -- Chapter 7 Modulation, Slow Synaptic Action, and Second Messengers 201 -- cAMP is the classic second messenger 204 -- cAMP-dependent phosphorylation augments I[subscript Ca] in the heart 207 -- Rundown could be related to phosphorylation 211 -- cAMP acts directly on some channels 211 -- There are many G-protein-coupled second-messenger pathways 212 -- ACh reveals a shortcut pathway 217 -- Synaptic action is modulated 220 -- G-protein-coupled receptors always have pleiotropic effects 224 -- Encoding is modulated 226 -- Pacemaking is modulated 228 -- Slow versus fast synaptic action 232 -- Second messengers are launched by other types of receptors 234 -- First overview on second messengers and modulation 236 -- Chapter 8 Sensory Transduction and Excitable Cells 237 -- Sensory receptors make an electrical signal 237 -- Mechanotransduction is quick and direct 239 -- Visual transduction is slow 248 -- Vertebrate phototransduction uses cyclic GMP 250 -- Phototransduction in flies uses a different signaling pathway 257 -- Channels are complexed with other proteins 258 -- Chemical senses use all imaginable mechanisms 259 -- Pain sensation uses transduction channels 261 -- What is an excitable cell? 263 -- Chapter 9 Calcium Dynamics, Epithelial Transport, and Intercellular Coupling 269 -- Intracellular organelles have ion channels 269 -- IP[subscript 3]-receptor channels respond to hormones 274 -- Ca-release channels can be studied in lipid bilayers 276 -- Ryanodine receptor of skeletal muscle has recruited a voltage sensor 278 -- Voltage-gated Ca channels are the voltage sensor for ryanodine receptors 283 -- IP[subscript 3] is not the only Ca[superscript 2+]-mobilizing messenger 286 -- Intracellular stores can gate plasma-membrane Ca channels 287 -- Extended TRP family is diverse 290 -- Mitochondria clear Ca2+ from the cytoplasm by a channel 291 -- Protons have channels 292 -- Transport epithelia are vectorially constructed 293 -- Water moves through channels as well 299 -- Cells are coupled by gap junctions 300 -- All cells have other specialized intracellular channels 304 -- Recapitulation of factors controlling gating 305 -- Part II Principles and Mechanisms of Function -- Chapter 10 Elementary Properties of Ions in Solution 309 -- Early electrochemistry 310 -- Aqueous diffusion is just thermal agitation 312 -- Nernst-Planck equation describes electrodiffusion 315 -- Uses of the Nernst-Planck equation 319 -- Brownian dynamics describes electrodiffusion as stochastic motions of particles 321 -- Electrodiffusion can also be described as hopping over barriers 322 -- Ions interact with water 326 -- Crystal radius is given by Pauling 326 -- Ion hydration energies are large 328 -- "Hydration shell" is dynamic 331 -- "Hydrated radius" is a fuzzy concept 335 -- Activity coefficients reflect weak interactions of ions in solution 338 -- Equilibrium ion selectivity can arise from electrostatic interactions 342 -- Recapitulation of independence 344 -- Chapter 11 Elementary Properties of Pores 347 -- Early pore theory 347 -- Ohm's law sets limits on the channel conductance 351 -- Diffusion equation also sets limits on the maximum current 352 -- Summary of limits from macroscopic laws 354 -- Dehydration rates can reduce mobility in narrow pores 355 -- Single-file water movements can lower mobility 356 -- Ion fluxes may saturate 357 -- Long pores may have ion flux coupling 358 -- Ions must overcome electrostatic barriers 360 -- Ions could have toe overcome mechanical barriers 362 -- Gramicidin A is the best-studied model pore 363 -- Electrostatic barriers are lowered in K channels 369 -- A high turnover number is good evidence for a pore 371 -- Some carriers have pore-like properties 374 -- Recapitulation of pore theory 375 -- Chapter 12 Counting Channels and Measuring Fluctuations 377 -- Neurotoxins count toxin receptors 378 -- Gating current counts mobile charges within the membrane 379 -- Digression on the amplitudes of current fluctuations 383 -- Fluctuation amplitudes measure the number and size of elementary units 385 -- A digression on microscopic kinetics 387 -- Patch clamp measures single-channel currents directly 393 -- Summary of single-channel conductance measurements 396 -- Thoughts on the conductance of channels 400 -- Channels are not crowded 402 -- Chapter 13 Structure of Channel Proteins 405 -- Nicotinic ACh receptor is a pentameric glycoprotein 406 -- Complete amino acid sequences were determined by cloning 407 -- Ligand-gated receptors form a large homologous family 411 -- Determining topology requires chemistry 414 -- Electron microscopy shows a tall hourglass 419 -- A partial crystal structure shows a pentameric ring 421 -- Voltage-gated channels also became a gene superfamily 423 -- Are K channels tetramers? 427 -- Auxiliary subunits change channel function 428 -- KcsA is a teepee 433 -- Electron paramagnetic resonance probes structure 434 -- Kv channels have a lot of mass hanging as a layer cake in the cytoplasm 435 -- Excitatory GluRs combine parts of two bacterial proteins 437 -- Is there a pattern? 440 -- Chapter 14 Selective Permeability: Independence 441 -- Partitioning into the membrane can control permeation 442 -- Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equations describe a partitioning-electrodiffusion model 445.

ISBN

0878933212

LCCN

^^2001032776

Owning Institutions

Harvard Library