Research Guides: Social Sciences

Celebrating Women In Computer Science - Ada To Ellen * (PDF)

A list of notable women in the field of computing, going back to the 19th century British mathematician Ada Byron King's contributions to the "analytical engine," widely regarded as the first computer model.

El Comercio Internacional

New York City es indudablemente uno de los centros más importantes del comercio internacional.  Cada día, las compañías de New York City negocian toda clase de bienes de consumo, materias e instrumentos financieros. La estadística sobre esta actividad está disponible en el capítulo del comercio internacional de NYCdata compilado por el Weissman Center for International Business, Zicklin School of Business en la Baruch College. Para tener éxito en esta arena compleja de los negocios, uno debe estar bien informado y preparado para muchas situaciones.  La Biblioteca de la Ciencia, la Industria y los Negocios (Science, Industry and Business Library - SIBL en Inglés) tiene o puede poner a uno en contacto con los recursos y los programas que uno necesita para investigar posibles oportunidades de negocios internacionales.  Estos recursos incluyen: 

• guías que proporcionan información básica sobre exportación e importación.
• directorios de negocios de todo el mundo y de los Estados Unidos (E.U.)
• publicaciones periódicas que cubren los negocios y la industria en países específicos, las tendencias en industrias específicas, y asuntos del comercio internacional en general
• estadísticas comerciales publicadas por los Estados Unidos, muchos países extranjeros y organizaciones no gubernamentales como las Naciones Unidas y la OCDE
• la base de datos Globus & NTDB en comercio internacional, producida y mantenida por el Departamento de Comercio de los Estados Unidos
• programas de promoción patrocinados por los gobiernos de Estados Unidos y de la Ciudad de Nueva York.

Éstos pueden ser categorizados en un número de áreas, tales como información general, investigación de mercados, e información sobre diferentes países, regulaciones, indicaciones y contactos de negocios, embarques y finanzas. En las páginas que siguen usted encontrará dichos recursos agrupados por tópicos, para ayudarlo a responder muchas de las preguntas más frecuentes en el campo de los negocios internacionales. Estas guías no son exhaustivas, por lo tanto visite la Biblioteca de la Ciencia, la Industria y los Negocios (SIBL en Inglés)  para obtener ayuda adicional en su empeño de encontrar la información que necesita.

Para las últimas noticias de negocios pruebe los sitios siguientes:

Commercial News USA (Disponible en Español y enChino)

Export America

Exporter Magazine

Export.gov Newsletter

Journal of Commerce

U.S. Department of Commerce Globus & NTDB

U.S. International Trade Administration

World Trade Magazine

Lo Básico del Comercio Internacional

Si está usted pensando comenzar una ventura de comercio internacional, por ejemplo, exportar o importar un producto o servicio, usted puede desear leer algunos trabajos generales que discutan las posibles ganancias y fallos al conducir negocios internacionales. SIBL cuenta con un número de guías y manuales básicos(en Inglés). Éstos incluyen:

Building an Import/Export Business (Construyendo un Negocio de Importación/Exportacion) *R-SIBL HF1416.W43

How to Start an Import/Export Business: Your Step-By-Step Guide to Success (Cómo Comenzar un Negocio de Importacion/Exportación: Su Guía Paso-a-Paso para el Triunfo) *R-SIBL HF1416.A3

Import/Export: How to Get Started in International Trade (Importación/Exportación: Cómo empezar en el Comercio Internacional).
*R-SIBL HF1416.N45

International Marketing (Mercadeo Internacional) *R-SIBL HF1416.C375

A Short Course in International Marketing: Approaching and Penetrating the Global Marketplace (Un Curso Corto en Mercadeo Internacional: Aproximándose y Penetrando el Mercado Global). *R-SIBL HF1416.C87

Doing Business in Emerging Markets: Entry and Negotiation Strategies (Haciendo Negocios en Mercados Emergentes: Estrategias de Entrada y Negociación)
JBE 02-2285

International Business Partnership: Issues and Concerns (Sociedad de Negocio Internacional: Asuntos e Intereses). JBD 01-211

Para encontrar otros títulos similares en la colección de la biblioteca, puede reviser los estantes de referencia en *R-SIBL HF1416 o buscar en los siguientes encabezamientos temáticos en los catálogos en línea, CATNYP and LEO:

• Export marketing (Mercados de exportación)
• International trade (Comercio internacional)
• International business enterprises (Empresas de negocios internacionales)

En la red, los sitios siguientes discuten temas relacionados con la exportación:

• A Basic Guide to Exporting (Producido por el Department of Commerce de los E.U. y Unz & Co.)
• www.export.gov – El portal oficial para la exportación del gobierno de los E.U. incluye una sección, “Exporting Basics Life Cycle” que describe los pasos que usted debe dar para exportar su producto o servicio.
• SBA Guide to Exporting (Guía para la Exportación, de la Administración de Pequenos Negocios – Small Business Administration, SBA)
• U.S. Chamber of Commerce and American International Group’s International Exposures 
• Global Trade Tutorial

Investigación de Mercados Extranjeros e Información Acerca de Países

Para vender un producto o servicio, por supuesto debe haber personas que quieran comprarlo. La investigación de mercado lo ayudará a determiner cuán probable le será encontrar compradores para su producto o servicio. La investigación de mercado lo puede ayudar a encontrar los mercados mayores o de más rápido crecimiento para su producto o servicio, y las tendencias, perspectivas y prácticas de mercado en un lugar en particular. Consulte la sección Marketing Your Business (Mercadeo de su Negocio) del SIBL’s Business Owner’s Manual (Manual de SIBL para Propietarios de Negocios), para más información acerca de cómo investigar y analizar efectivamente el mercado que tiene pensado.

Recursos para la Investigación de Mercados

Encontrar datos de investigación de mercado sobre los mercados americanos es a menudo difícil; los informes sobre investigaciones de mercado son costosos, y con frecuencia no están disponibles en una biblioteca pública. Datos sobre mercados extranjeros son aun más difíciles de encontrar. Varios recursos electrónicos en SIBL pueden ayudar:

• Globus & NTDB (Sección STAT-USA)
  Mantenido y actualizado diariamente por el Departamento de Comercio de los E.U. (U.S. Department of Commerce), esta base de datos es una fuente única y de mucho valor de información de mercado que cubre muchas industrias en muchos países extranjeros, con informes a menudo extensos compilados por embajadas, consulados y oficinas de información y de comercio con el extranjero de los E.U.
• Export.gov Directory of Market Research Reports Contiene muchos de los mismos informes que aparecen en Globus & NTDB, accesibles desde el hogar o la oficina. Requiere registrarse, gratis.
• Market Research Monitor
  Ofrece informes de mercado detallados sobre muchos mercados en muchos países. Aunque en ocasiones no son actuales, esos informes no se encuentran por lo general en ningún otro lugar.

• MarketResearch.com Academic
  Acceso en línea a cerca de 500 informes de investigaciones de mercado. Los informes completos incluidos en ella están algunos años atrasados. Sin embargo, se proporcionan resúmenes y datos de informes recientes que pueden ser comprados.
• Factiva (anteriormente Dow Jones Interactive)
  Un recurso que permite la búsqueda de artículos con texto completo y resúmenes, proporcionando contenido global, incluyendo Dow Jones and Reuters newswires y el Wall Street Journal. Incluye contenido que cubre 8,000 publicaciones de 118 países en 22 idiomas. Las fuentes incluyen negocios en general y publicaciones de industria, periódicos, noticias, revistas de industrias, informes de compañías, transcripciones de radio y television, e imágenes.
• Investext Plus
  Ofrece informes de analistas de inversiones actualizados, muchos de los cuales cubren compañías o industrias extranjeras y domésticas.
• Bloomberg
  Rico en datos financieros, economicos, de industria e inversiones, tanto extranjeros como domésticos.
• Economist Intelligence Unit Country Reports
  Ofrece informes trimestrales sobre la situación económica y política de casi todos los países.
• Emerging Markets - Internet Securities
  Ofrece noticias extensas y actualizadas, e información económica, de industria y financiera sobre muchos países que son “mercados emergentes”.

La biblioteca está suscrita a un número de índices periódicos de negocios, que le permiten buscar artículos en cientos de publicaciones periódicas de negocios y publicaciones acerca del comercio. Usted puede encontrar artículos en los que su país, su mercado o su industria son discutidos.

Los recursos impresos incluyen los reportes emitidos por Euromonitor, tales como Consumer Latin America y Consumer China.

Si usted no encuentra la información sobre investigación de mercado que necesita en nuestra colección de recursos, usted puede consultar Findex, un directorio annual de “informes de investigación de mercado, estudios y encuestas” que pueden ser comprados, producidos por compañías de investigaciones de mercado. La mayoría de estos informes se dirigen a un mercado específico pero son por lo general muy costosos y no se encuentran en bibliotecas públicas. Si usted quiere dar un paso adicional y conducir su propia investigación de mercado, usted puede contratar una firma que lo haga para usted. Dichas firmas se encuentran en el GreenBook (Libro Verde) publicado por la Asociación Americana de Mercadeo (American Marketing Association).

Recursos Acerca de Estadísticas Comerciales

Además de los informes de investigaciones de mercado, los datos estadísticos del comercio de importación y exportación de productos y artículos de consumo pueden rendir información acerca del potencial del mercado propuesto. Investigando las estadísticas de importación/exportación para su producto o artículo de consumo usted tambien encontrará datos duros para usar al elaborar un plan de negocios si usted se propone buscar financiamiento de algún banco u otra fuente.

La Biblioteca de Ciencia, Industria y Negocios le ofrece acceso a tres bases de datos electrónicas de información estadística acerca de exportación/importación producidas por el Ministerio de Comercio de Estados Unidos y el Buró del Censo. Usted puede usarlas reservando una estacion de trabajo en el Centro de Información Electrónica en SIBL. Estas bases de datos son:

• USA Trade Online (Comercio de los E.U. en línea)
• U.S. Exports of Merchandise (Exportaciones de Mercancías de los E.U.)
• U.S. Imports of Merchandise (Importaciones de Mercancías de los E.U.)

Los artículos de importación y exportación a menudo son categorizados en estas bases de datos por su número de Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS). Estos números son la forma más precisa de identificar su producto. Si bien es posible buscar un producto for palabras claves, a menudo es más preciso y eficiente usar estos números. Usted puede encontrarlos impresos en el Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (disponible en la biblioteca) y en la Internet en el sitio de la Comision de Comercio Internacional de los E.U.

• USA Trade Online (Comercio de los E.U. en línea). Un producto del Ministerio de Comercio de los E.U., los datos estadísticos detallados que usted puede encontrar en esta base de datos es actualizada y lo ayudará a determinar cuanto de su producto está siendo exportado desde los E.U. y hacia donde, o de donde el producto está siendo importado para los E.U. La base de datos permite crear reportes basados en artículo y período de tiempo y adicionalmente por país extranjero y puerto en los E.U., y pueden ser ordenados por valor decreciente.

Entre los recursos impresos de la biblioteca, el Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook (Anuario de la Dirección de Estadísticas del Comercio) (*R-SIBL HD9000.4.T7), publicado por el Fondo Monetario Internacional, y el International Trade Statistics Yearbook (Anuario Estadístico del Comercio Internacional) (*R-SIBL HF91.U473), publicado por las Naciones Unidas proporcionan estadísticas de importación/exportación de los artículos comerciados entre los países del mundo.

Algunas de las publicaciones estadísticas de la biblioteca son más especializadas, como el FAO Yearbook Trade (*R-SIBL HD9000.4.T7), publicado por la Organización de Alimentos y Agricultura (Food and Agriculture Organization – FAO) de las Naciones Unidas, que contiene datos de exportación/importación de los productos alimenticios y de agricultura de todos los países y territorios del mundo.

Información y Estadísticas Específicas de Países

Muchas de las publicaciones más respetadas del mundo que contienen la más actualizada información acerca de los países están bien representadas en las colecciones de SIBL.

Títulos notables incluyen:

• Europa World Yearbook (Anuario Europeo del Mundo)*R-SIBL JN1.E85
• Economist Intelligence Unit Country Reports (Informes de Países de la Unidad de Inteligencia del Economista)  McGraw Desk
• Economist Intelligence Unit Country Profiles (Perfiles de Países de la Unidad de Inteligencia del Economista) Various call number locations
• OECD Economic Surveys (Encuestas Económicas de la OECD)Various call number locations
• World Economic Outlook (Perspectiva Económica del Mundo) *R-SIBL HC10.W7979
• International Financial Statistics Yearbook (Anuario de Estadísticas Financieras Internacionales)*R-SIBL HG61.I57 McGraw Desk
• World Competitiveness Yearbook (Anuario de la Competitividad en el Mundo) *R-SIBL HF1414.W67
• CIA World Factbook (Libro de Hechos del Mundo de la CIA) *R-SIBL G122.U56
• Country Trade Sourcebook (Libro del Comercio entre Paises) *R-SIBL HF1416.5.C68
• Craighead’s International Business, Travel, and Relocation Guide to … Countries (Guía de Craighead sobre los Negocios Internacionales, Viajes, y Relocalización hacia... Países) *R-SIBL HF5549.5.E45.D56

SIBL regularmente recibe impresos los anuarios estadísticos oficiales de la mayoría de los países del mundo que pueden ser útiles para examinar más a fondo su potencial de mercado.

• Anuarios Estadísticos Internacionales (en Inglés).

La World Wide Web (Red Mundial)

En la red, el sitio del International Trade Data System (Sistema Internacional de Datos del Comercio), mantenido (en Inglés) por el Departamento del Tesoro de los E.U. (U.S. Treasury Department), proporciona vínculos para muchas publicaciones especificas de países emitidas por varias agencias federales de los E.U. incluyendo el CIA World Factbook (Libro de Hechos del Mundo de la CIA), las Background Notes (Notas de Fondo) del Departamento de Estado y las Guías Comerciales de Países para países escogidos, del Departamento de Comercio. El CIA World Factbook  y las Background Notes) pueden ser obtenidas (en Inglés) directamente de:

• CIA World Factbooks
• U.S. Department of State Background Notes

El Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), una agencia federal de los E.U., mantiene una página llamada Investor's Information Gateway (La Entrada de la Información de Inversionistas) que incluye muchos de los mismos acoplamientos del gobierno federal sobre más otros de fuentes tales como la OCDE y el Banco Mundial agrupados en 20 diversas categorías. OPIC es una agencia que se centra en ampliar la inversión Americana en aproximadamente 150 países en desarrollo. Otro recurso de los E.U. en la red es el sitio Portals to the World (Portales al Mundo) de la Biblioteca del Congreso (Library of Congress), que proporciona vínculos a un conjunto mezclado de sitios de la web con informacion acerca de la mayoría de los países, incluyendo áreas como la Antártica y el Canal de Panamá.

El sitio Global Edge, mantenido por el Centro para la Educación e Investigación en Negocios Internacionales de la Universidad del Estado de Michigan proporciona vínculos a muchas fuentes excelentes de información de negocios específica de países.

Con documentos obtenidos del Grupo del Banco Mundial y otras agencias de promoción de inversiones internacionales, la Red de Promoción de Inversiones (IPAnet) proporciona (en inglés) “libre acceso a recursos en línea de inversiones internacionales y privatizacion” que incluye informes cubriendo las condiciones económicas específicas de los países, leyes relacionadas con las inversiones, mercados para los productos, y sectores industriales. Adicionalmente, sus directorios proporcionan información para hacer contacto con sobre 30,000 organizaciones e individuos activos en inversiones extranjeras.

Muchos países hacen sus estadísticas nacionales accesibles en línea. Tanto el Buró del Censo de los E.U. (U.S. Census Bureau) como el Buró de Estadísticas del Trabajo del Departamento del Trabajo de los E.U. (U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics) proporcionan vínculos a las oficinas estadísticas centrales de muchos países.

Hallando Guías para el Comercio y Contactos de Negocios

Una vez que usted ha decidido que hay un mercado para su producto o servicio, usted debe entonces encontrar los compradores. Los métodos para identificar compradores incluyen ferias comerciales, misiones comerciales, campañas por correo, y publicidad. Usted puede eventualmente necesitar una presencia en el país a través de un representante o distribuidor. La biblioteca puede ayudarlo a encontrar contactos y guías de negocios.

Ferias Comerciales

Hay muchas ferias comerciales, tanto en los E.U. como en el extranjero, donde compradores y vendedores se encuentran para discutir negocios, y los vendedores pueden exhibir sus mercancías. Hay organizaciones en la red que pueden ayudarlo a encontrar ferias comerciales, entre ellas la Federación de Asociaciones Internacionales de Comercio (Federation of International Trade Associations), www.tsnn.com y www.expo24-7.com , tanto como el sitio Export.gov de los Servicios Comerciales de los E.U. (U.S.Commercial Services). En la colección de referencia de SIBL el Trade Shows Worlwide (Ferias Comerciales en el Mundo) (*R-SIBL T394.T723), publicado anualmente (en Inglés), proporciona el calendario de los congresos profesionales y de industria programados.

Guías de Negocios

• Globus & NTDB – Los guías de negocios no son publicado en esta date de basos electrónica.
• Export.gov Trade Leads Database - Oportunidades de negocio extranjeras, aprobadas de los E.U., investigables por el país, la industria o la palabra clave. Otros recursos de la localización del cliente enumeraron en Export.gov Finding Partners and Trade Leads.
• FI TA’s Worldbid – Es el directorio de concursos de compras de clientes de todo el mundo de la Federación de Asociaciones Internacionales de Comercio (Federation of International Trade Associations). Requiere login para verla.

Contactos de Negocios

SIBL contiene muchos directorios de comercio específicos por comercio e industria (en Inglés) que pueden ayudarlo a localizar contactos de negocios en el extranjero. Éstos son:

• Country-specific directories (Directorios específicos de países)
• Industry-specific directories (Directorios específicos de industrias)             

Otros directorios impresos en la colección de la biblioteca (en Inglés) que pudieran ser útiles son:

• World Business Directory (Directorio del Comercio Mundial) *R-SIBL HF54.U5W667
• Directory of American Firms Operating in Foreign Countries (Directorio de Firmas Americanas Operando en Países Extranjeros) *R-SIBL HF4538.A1D5
• Directory of Foreign Firms Operating in the United States (Directorio de Firmas Extranjeras Operando en los Estados Unidos)    *R-SIBL HG4057.A21943
• International Business in New York City : Directory (Negocio Internacional en la Ciudad de Nueva York: Directorio)  *R-SIBL HG4264.3.Z65.I57
• Directory of United States Exporters (Directorio de Exportadores de los Estados Unidos) *R-SIBL HF3011.U5436
• Directory of United States Importers  (Directorio de Importadores de los Estados Unidos) *R-SIBL HF3012.U54J6
• The International Directory of Importers (El Directorio Internacional de Importadores). Varias ediciones correspondientes a regiones del mundo y su localización en los estantes.
• The International Directory of Agents, Distributors & Wholesalers  (El Directorio Internacional de Agentes, Distribuidores y Mayoristas) *R-SIBL HF5419.I58 McGraw Desk
• American Wholesalers and Distributors Directory (Directorio de Mayoristas y Distribuidores Americanos)  *R-SIBL HF5421.G343 McGraw Desk

En la red, el sitio National Export Directory (Directorio Nacional de Exportación )del Centro de Información del Comercio de los E.U.(U.S Trade Information Center), accesible a través del sitio Globus & NTDB, proporciona vínculos a toda clase de oficinas de apoyo al comercio en los Estados Unidos en los niveles federal, estatal y local. De la misma forma, la base de datos Foreign Trade Offices (Oficinas de Comercio Internacional) de dicho Centro es un directorio de una variedad de oficinas de comercio oficiales de gobiernos extranjeros localizados tanto en los Estados Unidos como en el exterior.

Comunicación Trans-Cultural de Negocios

El mercado global del siglo XXI ofrece muchas oportunidades para la expansión de negocios internacionales, pero también viene con una variedad de retos de comunicación intercultural que los negociantes deben entender para tener éxito.

SIBL tiene una variedad de libros, publicaciones periódicas y bases de datos electrónicas que tratan con los tópicos de la comunicación y las prácticas de negocios internacionales tanto como con las actuales condiciones económicas y de negocios. Estos recursos ofrecen un fundamento de información que ayudará a preparar a los negociantes de hoy para los retos comunicativos de la comunidad internacional de negocios.

Para encontrar libros en SIBL en este tópico, busque en el Catálogo de la Biblioteca Pública de Nueva York (CATNYP) bajo cualquiera de los TEMAS siguientes (en Inglés): (Ésta es una lista parcial; puede haber temas relacionados en el catálogo.)

• Americans-employment-foreign countries-handbooks manuals etc. (Americanos-empleo-países extranjeros-manuales etc)
• Business communication-cross-cultural studies (Comunicación de negocios – estudios trans-culturales)
• Business etiquette (etiqueta de negocios)
• Businesspeople-foreign language competency (Gente de negocio – negociantes – competencia en idiomas extranjeros)
• Competition, International (Competencia, Internacional)
• Corporate culture-cross-cultural studies (Cultura corporativa-estudios trans-culturales)
• Intercultural communication- handbooks, manuals, etc. (Comunicación intercultural-manuales, etc)
• International business enterprises-management-cross-cultural studies (Empresas de negocios internacionales-dirección-estudios trans-culturales)
• International business enterprises-personnel management- handbooks, manuals etc. (Empresas de negocios internacionales-dirección del personal- manuales, etc.
• International trade-cross-cultural studies (Comercio internacional – estudios trans-culturales)
• National characteristics (Características nacionales)
• Negotiation in business (Negociación en negocios)

Una lista representativa de algunos libros en este tema y su localización en los estantes abiertos de SIBL es la siguiente:

• Cross-cultural communication: the essential guide to international business (Comunicación trans-cultural: la guía esencial para el negocio internacional)
  *R-SIBL HF5718.C76
• Cross-Cultural Business Behavior: Marketing, Negotiating, Sourcing and Managing Across Cultures (Conducta de Negocios Trans-Cultural: Mercadeo, Negociación y Dirección a Través de Culturas)
  JBE 03-867
• Doing Business Internationally: the resource for business and social etiquette (Haciendo Negocios Internacionalmente: el recurso para la etiqueta social y de negocios) *R-SIBL HF5389.D64
• Dun & Bradstreet's guide to doing business around the world (La guía para hacer negocios alrededor del mundo de Dun & Bradstreet)
  *R-SIBL HF1416 .M78
• Global Smarts: the art of communicating and deal making anywhere in the world (Inteligencia Global: el arte de comunicarse y hacer tratos en cualquier lugar del mundo) *R-SIBL 5389.H63
• Kiss, bow or shake hands: how to do business in sixty countries (Besar, inclinarse o estrechar las manos: cómo hacer negocios en sesenta países)
  *R-SIBL HF5389. M67
• Management worldwide: the impact of societal culture on organizations around the globe (La dirección en todo el mundo: el impacto de la cultura de la sociedad en las organizaciones alrededor del mundo) JBD 95-1247

Algunas de las Bases de Datos de Negocios (en Inglés), a las cuales SIBL está suscrita, que indexan artículos a texto completo cubriendo tópicos de negocios extranjeros son:

• Academic Source Premier    
• Business Source Premier
• General Business File
• PAÍS
• PROMT

Algunas frases que pueden ser usadas para encontrar artículos en estas bases de datos (en Inglés) son:

• Cross-Cultural Orientation (Orientación Trans-Cultural)
• Exchange of Persons Programs (Programas de Intercambio de Personas)
• International Communication (Comunicación Internacional)            

A continuación aparecen dos ejemplos de artículos encontrados en General Business File bajo el encabezamiento “Intercultural Communication”:

•  Bridging the culture gap: Sensitivity to Attendees’ languages and learning styles enhances the meeting experience (Llenando el vacío cultural: La Sensibilidad al idioma y los estilos de aprendizaje amplía la experiencia de la reunión) Sally J. Walton.  Meetings & Conventions Feb 2002 v.37 i2 p2 p28
• Bridging the Business Cultures. (Tendiendo Puentes entre las Culturas de Negocios). Linda Beamer. The China Business Review, May-June 1998 v25 no 3 p54

Project GLOBE, patrocinado por la Escuela de Negocios Haskayne de la Universidad de Calgary (University of Calgary’s Haskayne School of Business), analiza la encuesta de muchas naciones del equipo del proyecto y cómo sus culturas afectan la forma en que los negocios son conducidos en ellas. En Septiembre del 2003 los hallazgos del Proyecto GLOBE fueron presentados en el Centro Weissman para Negocios Internacionales del Baruch College (Baruch College’s Weissman Center for International Business). Haga click aquí para leer el informe.

Executiveplanet.com es un sitio (en Inglés) que proporciona indicaciones de valor acerca de la etiqueta en los negocios, costumbres y protocolo para hacer negocios en todo el mundo. Las guías tienen como co-autores expertos en etiqueta de negocios internacionales, los cuales están disponibles para contestar sus preguntas en la junta de discusion.

Para encontrar otros materiales en la internet con referencia a la comunicación intercultural en los negocios, pruebe el directorio de Google que contiene sitios sobre comunicación trans-cultural en los negocios (Google’s web directory of cross-cultural business communication).

Regulaciones del Comercio Internacional

Para realizar negocios entre entre los Estados Unidos y otro país, usted probablemente tendrá que lidiar con una multitud de tarifas nacionales, reglas y documentación requeridos por ambos países.

Exportaciones

En general, si usted es el exportador, usted es responsable de enviar su producto al extranjero usando los servicios de un expedidor de cargas. Es responsabilidad de su cliente, el importador, hacerse cargo de las regulaciones de importación y de pagar los cargos de aduana en su país. Él o ella generalmente empleará los servicios de un agente de aduanas para manejar esos detalles. Sin embargo, si usted está exportando un producto importante para la seguridad nacional, es su responsabilidad estar al tanto de cualquier restricción para la exportación de parte de los Estados Unidos. Además, a pesar del hecho de que no se acostumbra a colocar la responsabilidad de regulaciones de importación sobre el exportador, no sería mala idea estar al tanto de ellas en el país al que pretende exportar.

A menudo es muy difícil encontrar las regulaciones de importación de países extranjeros, pero SIBL tiene un número limitado de recursos. Tambien hay varios sitios de la red, oficiales y no oficiales, que cubren esta área asi como las regulaciones de exportación de E.U.

• Se puede encontrar algo acerca de regulaciones y prácticas de negocios en países extranjeros, incluyendo alguna información legal, (en Inglés) en Dun & Bradstreet’s Exporters Encyclopaedia (*R-SIBL HF3011.E9), que tiene un capítulo de varias páginas sobre casi todos los países.

• Tambien en la colección de SIBL hay una serie de manuales (en Inglés) llamada Doing Business in... (Haciendo negocios en...) (ex. Doing Business in Japan) publicada por Price Waterhouse.

• Las U.S. Department of State’s Country Commercial Guides (Guías Comerciales de Países del Departamento de Estado de los E.U.) encontradas en la base de datos (en Inglés) Globus & NTDB contienen una sección titulada “trade regulations and standards” (“regulaciones y standards del comercio”) encontrada en el informe de cada país en la que se relatan las restricciones comerciales peculiares a ese país.

• El Desarrollo del Comercio de Hong Kong (Hong Kong Trade Development) mantiene una página de Aduanas, tarifas e Impuestos de Importación  para cientos de países de todo el mundo, que incluye los documentos necesarios, restricciones de importación y exportación, contactos, etc.

• Consulte (en Inglés) U.S. Export Regulations (Regulaciones para la Exportación de E.U.) (*R-SIBL KF1987.A15.U84) acerca de productos de exportación que pueden afectar la seguridad nacional.

• Información acerca de los documentos necesarios para exportar, licencias y requisitos pueden ser encontrados en los sitios  Bureau of Industry and Security (Buró de Industria y Seguridad), anteriormente llamado Bureau of Export Administration (Buró para Administración de la Exportación), y la U.S. Customs and Border Protection (Aduana y Proteccion de Fronteras de los E.U.).

• El Buró del Censo de los E.U. mantiene una base de datos en línea para llenar la información referente a las Shipper’s Export Declaration, SED (Declaraciones de Exportación). El sitio es AES Direct.

• El comercio con los países de la NAFTA, Canadá y México, se detalla en los sitios U.S. Trade Information Center’s NAFTA (Centro NAFTA de Información del Comercio de los E.U.) y U.S. Customs and Border Protection (Aduanas y Protección de Fronteras de los E.U.).

Importaciones

Como un importador, usted es responsable de saber todo lo relacionado con las regulaciones de importación y las tarifas de aduana de los E.U. Un agente de aduanas experimentado puede ayudar inmensamente en esta tarea. Vea el capítulo siguiente en Embarques y Logística para información sobre la manera de encontrar agentes de aduana.

• Información general acerca de las regulaciones comerciales de los E.U. puede ser encontrada en el sitio de la web de la Aduana y Protección de Fronteras de los E.U., una división del Departamento de Seguridad Territorial de los E.U. Aquí, uno encuentra una variedad de vínculos hacia las tasas de importación, cuotas, tratados internacionales, etc.

• Importando hacia los Estados Unidos: Una Guía para Importadores Comerciales – Publicado por el Servicio de Aduanas de los E.U.

• Las regulaciones aduaneras se encuentran (en Inglés) en el Título 19 del Code of Federal Regulations – CFR (Codigo de Regulaciones Federales - CRF) tanto impreso en la colección de la biblioteca como en línea en el sitio de la Sección CRF de la Administración de Records y Archivos Nacionales (CFR Section of the National Archives and Records Administration).

• Los impuestos de importación son determinados consultando (en Inglés) el Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), que se encuentra impreso en la colección de SIBL y en línea en el sitio de la HTS section of the United States International Trade Comission.

• Otra referencia útil (en Inglés) con respecto a las regulaciones de importación de los E.U. es Ports of Entry & U.S. Import Regulations (Puertos de Entrada & Regulaciones de importación de los E.U.) (*R-SIBL KF6680.99.P67), publicada bajo el título principal de U.S. Custom House Guide (Guía de la Casa de Aduanas de los E.U.)

Embarques y Logística

Tanto para importar como para exportar, usted probablemente necesitará la ayuda de terceras partes para completar su transacción de negocios. Ellos tienen experiencia en embarques hacia su país de destino y en el trato con oficiales y agentes en él.

Expedidores de Carga

El proceso de mover sus bienes hacia el extranjero puede ser muy complicado. Usted debe ocuparse de empaquetar, etiquetar, documentar, asegurar, y de cumplir con las regulaciones extranjeras, y algunas veces domésticas. Los expedidores de carga pueden ayudar con todo esto y determinar las maneras más economicas de hacer el embarque, ya sea por aire, mar o tierra. Mientras usted debe entender la logística de la importación o exportación, usted casi ciertamente necesitará los servicios de un expedidor de carga que se ocupará de la mayoría de los detalles por usted.

Agentes de Aduana (También llamados “Corredores de Aduana”)

Una vez que los bienes embarcados han arribado al puerto de entrada, los servicios de agentes de aduana son necesarios, aunque no obligatorios, para conseguir que pasen por la aduana, manejando el papeleo necesario, la documentación, el pago de los impuestos, etc.

Su cámara de comercio local, asociaciones de industria y comercio, departamentos internacionales de bancos o un especialista en comercio internacional pueden ayudarlo a dirigirse a expedidores de carga y agentes de aduana confiables. Para comenzar, usted tambien puede consultar varios directorios que se encuentran en la biblioteca (en Inglés):

• Membership Directory (National Customs Brokers & Forwarders Association of America) *R-SIBL HJ6685.N36a
• Transportation Telephone Tickler *R-SIBL HE9.U5N7 – Un directorio nacional de expedidores de carga y otros servicios relacionados con los embarques tales como agentes de aduana e instalaciones de almacenamiento en frío.
• Hereford’s: the International Air Cargo Directory *R-SIBL HE9788.H47
• WWS, World Wide Shipping Guide *R-SIBL HE561.W2 – Un directorio de compañías de embarques maritimos.

En la WWW, expedidores de carga y agentes de aduana pueden ser localizados usando:

• National Customs Brokers & Forwarders Association of America (Asociacion Nacional de Agentes de Aduana y Expedidores de Carga)
• Directory of Freight Forwarding Services (Directorio de Servicios de Expedidores de Carga)
• Freightworld (Mundo de la Carga)

Finanzas y Pagos en el Comercio Internacional

Si usted es una persona de negocios, usted probablemente ya tiene relación con algún banco comercial que puede ser la primera fuente de financiamiento que usted usará. El New York Small Business Resource Center’s Business Owner’s Manual (Manual del Propietario de Negocio del Centro de Recursos para Pequenos Negocios de Nueva York) tiene una sección general en financiamiento, que es también aplicable al financiamiento de un negocio de importación o exportación. A continuación están unas pocas fuentes en la internet que pueden ser de particular interés para un exportador:

• SBA Export Working Capital Loan Program
  La Administración de Pequenos Negocios de los E.U. ofrece garantía para préstamos de $1,000,000 o menos a través de instituciones financieras participantes. Préstamos  del programa SBA Export Express pueden conseguirse para cantidades de $250,000 o menos, con un tiempo de solicitud y aprobación más corto.  
• Export-import Bank of the United States - ofrece programas de préstamos por cantidades mayores de $ 1,000,000.
• El portal  export.gov del Departamento de Comercio de los E.U. proporciona un listado completo de esos dos programas además de otros esquemas financieros de los Estados Unidos y una lista de instituciones financieras que participan en esos programas ( listing of financial institutions participating in these programs. )

SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Executives – Cuerpos de Servicio de Ejecutivos Retirados) o su Centro de Desarrollo de Pequenos Negocios (Small Business Development Center) local  pueden proporcionar información adicional y consejo acerca de estos y otros programas de financiamiento de importación y exportación. El Centro de Asistencia a las Exportaciones de los E.U. (U.S. Export Assistance Center) proporciona información y consejo acerca de éstas y otras oportunidades para financiar exportaciones.

Métodos de Pago para los Negocios Internacionales

Al igual que el financiamiento para su negocio internacional, éste es un asunto que usted normalmente arregla con su banco comercial habitual. Sin embargo, es importante entender todos los varios métodos aceptados de pago para las transacciones de negocios internacionales. La guía básica a la exportación contiene un capítulo en Métodos de Pago. Una carta de crédito ( letter of credit ) a menudo abreviada L/C, es el método más común de pago entre compradores y vendedores internacionales. De acuerdo al sitio, eso es “un documento emitido por un banco... manifestando su compromiso de pagar a alguien una cantidad determinada de dinero de parte de un comprador siempre que el vendedor cumpla con terminos y condiciones especificados. Las cartas de crédito son más formalmente conocidas como cartas de crédito documentales (documentary letters of credit).” Otros métodos de pago menos comunes incluyen cobros documentales (documentary collections), cuenta abierta (open account) y pago por adelantado (payment in advance).  

Algunos títulos de referencia de la biblioteca (en Inglés) incluyen:

ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits *R-SIBL HG3746.R69

Letters of Credit *R-SIBL HG3745.R69

The Law of Letters of Credit: Commercial and Standby Credits *R-SIBL KF1028.D652

Letters of Credit *R-SIBL KF1028.M331

Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit *R-SIBL KF1028.W862

Recursos de Ayuda para el Comercio Internacional

Hay muchos programas de ayuda del área de la Ciudad de Nueva York y del Gobierno de los E.U. que existen para ayudar al pequeño comerciante a cultivar su ventura de comercio internacional.

Organizaciones del Área de la Ciudad de Nueva York

SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Executives – Cuerpo de Servicios de Ejecutivos Retirados), patrocinado por la Administración de Pequeños Negocios de los E.U., reúne ejecutivos de negocios retirados voluntarios con empresarios y propietarios de pequeños negocios para darles guía y consejo que puedan necesitar. El capítulo de la Ciudad de Nueva York puede ayudarlo con todo tipo de asuntos de negocios internacionales, tales como determinar mercados fértiles para su producto o servicio, encontrar socios de negocios y distribuidores en mercados extaranjeros, o encontrar financiamiento para su ventura de negocios. Además del consejo uno-a-uno, SCORE ofrece programas y seminarios, muchos de los cuales  están relacionados con el comercio internacional. Representativos de SCORE pueden encontrarse en SIBL para sesiones de asesoramiento por cita previa Martes a Sabado 11:00 a.m. a 3:00 p.m. y Martes a Jueves 4:00 p.m. a 7:00 p.m. Puede hacer contacto con ellos en la biblioteca llamando al telefono (212) 592-7033 durante las horas antes dichas. Tambien puede hacer contacto con SCORE en su local central de Nueva York: 26 Federal Plaza (Duane St. y Broadway), Room 3100, New York, NY 10278. Tel: (212) 264-4507.

El New York U.S. Export Assistance Center  (Centro de Asistencia a las Exportaciones de los E.U. en la Ciudad de Nueva York), del Servicio Comercial de los E.U. (U.S. Commercial Service), una división del Departamento de Comercio de los E.U. (U.S. Department of Commerce), ofrece un amplio rango de servicios de asesoramiento uno-a-uno para ayudar a los negocios a exportar sus productos y servicios. Ellos pueden ayudar a identificar mercados extranjeros, ponerlo en contacto con distribuidores, agentes e importadores en el extranjero, conducirlo a la Administración de Pequeños Negocios y al Banco de Exportación-Importación para financiamiento, y ofrecer otras clases de apoyo general.. La oficina en Nueva York está localizada en 20 Exchange Place, 40th. Floor, New York, NY 10005. Tel: (212) 809-2675.

La Oficina del Alcalde de la Ciudad de Nueva, York, División para Negocios Internacionales (Office of the Mayor of the City of New York, División for International Business) – Promueve a la Ciudad de Nueva York como una localidad para asuntos de negocio internacional.

Manhattan International Development Corporation – Este sitio está estructurado con un directorio de recursos de información de comercio e industria y un calendario de programas y eventos de negocios internacionales en el área de la Ciudad de Nueva York.

International Business Offices of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Existe principalmente para promover las instalaciones y servicios de la Autoridad del Puerto para negocios extranjeros.

Empire State Development – Ofrece, entre otros servicios, asesoramiento en el mercadeo de exportación tanto para entrar o expandirse en mercados extranjeros. Sus Oficinas  (Offices) están localizadas en la Ciudad de Nueva York, a través del Estado de Nueva York y en el extranjero en Brasil, Chile, Africa del Sur, El Reino Unido, Israel y Japón.

NEXCO – Auspicia muchos talleres y conferencias para profesionales de comercio internacional en Nueva York.

Baruch College Weissman Center for International Business – Auspicia numerosos programas, conferencias y forums en tópicos relacionados con la economía global y el comercio internacional.

Las soluciones del negocio de New York City - Generalmente ésta agencia no se dedica a prestar ayuda acerca del comercio internacional pero, ésta agencia de la ciudad incluye un listado de los recursos comerciales locales, estatales, federales y no lucrativos de Import/Export

Recursos del Gobierno de E.U. y otras Organizaciones

SBA Office of International Trade (Oficina de Comercio Internacional de la SBA) – La división de  servicios de asesoría de comercio internacional de la Administración de Pequeños Negocios de los E.U. El mismo sitio en Español SBA Oficina de Comercio Internacional.

U.S. Business Advisor International Trade section (Sección para el Comercio Internacional del Asesor de Negocios de los E.U.) – Es el sitio de la Administración de Pequeños Negocios de los E.U. para información y recursos de negocios internacionales.

U.S. Trade Information Center (Centro de Información del Comercio de los E.U.) – Mantenido por la Administración de Comercio Internacional (International Trade Administration) del Departamento de Comercio de los E.U., se propone ser un directorio de recursos para contestar las preguntas frequentemente hechas acerca de la exportación, tales como documentacion, regulaciones, información de países, investigación de mercados, eventos de comercio e industria, expedidores de carga, programas de asistencia, etc.

www.export.gov – El portal oficial de comercio internacional creado por el Departamento de Comercio de los E.U. com muchos vínculos a materiales producidos por otras agencias del Gobierno de los E.U. relacionadas con la exportación.

BuyUSA.gov – Sitio del Servicio Comercial de los Estados Unidos, del Departamento de Comercio de los E.U., para promover la exportación de productos y servicios de los E.U. Incluye las guías “Doing Busines in...” de cada país.

U.S. International Trade Administration (Administracion de los E.U. para el Comercio Internacional) – La división de promoción del comercio internacional del Departamento del Comercio de los E.U.

U.S. Trade and Development Agency (Agencia de los E.U. para el Comercio y el Desarrollo) – Promueve la participación comercial de los E.U. en los países en desarrollo y trabaja para mejorar la infraestructura y el ambiente para los negocios en esos países.

GlobalEDGE – El portal del Centro para la Educación e Investigación en Comercio Internacional de la Universidad del Estado de Michigan..

Federation of International Trade Associations (Federación de Asociaciones de Comercio Internacional) – Proporciona una lista regularmente actualizada de sitios útiles para los profesionales del comercio internacional.

United States Council for International Business (Consejo de los Estados Unidos para los Negocios Internacionales) –Representa los intereses de las personas de negocios de los E.U. ante el Gobierno de los E.U., las Naciones Unidas y la Unión Europea, entre otros cuerpos internacionales.

Business Council for International Understanding (Consejo de Negocios para el Entendimiento Internacional) – Patrocina programas para estimular el diálogo entre los intereses de negocios de los E.U. y los gobiernos de los E.U. y de otros países.

United States Chamber of Commerce (Cámara de Comercio de los Estados Unidos) – Incluye un directorio en línea (online directory) de Cámaras de Comercio Americanas en el Extranjero.

Association of American Chambers of Commerce in Latin America  (Asociación de Cámaras de Comercio Americanas en América Latina).

World Chambers Network (Red Mundial de Cámaras)– Proporciona un directorio en línea de cámaras de comercio locales de todo el mundo.

International Chamber of Commerce – (Cámara Internacional de Comercio). Cuerpo internacional que trabaja para aumentar el comercio internacional y la creación de empleos.

World Trade Centers Association On-Line (Asociación en-línea de Centros de Comercio Mundial) – Red de Centros de Comercio Mundial que funciona para ayudar a los negociantes a expandir sus negocios en el mundo.

Organization of Women in International Trade (Organización de Mujeres en el Comercio Internacional) – Organización para promover las relaciones de mujeres y hombres que hacen negocios en todas las facetas del comercio internacional.

US-ASEAN Business Council (Consejo de Negocios de los E.U.-ASEAN) – Órgano de intereses de negocios privados de los E.U. comprometidos en establecer relaciones con asociaciones de negocios y agencias de gobierno, en el mercado de 10 países de la ASEAN.

U.S.-China Business Council (Consejo de Negocios E.U.-China) – Con oficinas en Washington, D.C., Pekin y Shangai, esta organización sin fines de lucro representa los intereses de corporaciones establecidas de E.U. y de compañías de pequeño y mediano tamano que actualmente están operando en China o que se proponen entrar en el mercado chino. Tambien proporciona servicios de asesoría de negocios individualizados junto con investigaciones de industria y mercado.

Hong Kong Trade Development Council (Consejo para el Desarrollo del Comercio de Hong Kong) – “El brazo de mercadeo global y eje de servicio público para empresas manufactureras, comerciales y exportadoras de servicios basadas en Hong Kong.” Sus “actividades están especialmente dirigidas a empresas de pequeño y mediano tamaño (SMEs – Small and Medium sized Enterprises), las principales impulsadoras del comercio de Hong Kong.”

JETRO (Japan External Trade Organization – Organización del Comercio Externo del Japón) – Una Organización del gobierno japonés “que promueve inversiones mutuamente beneficiosas y relaciones comerciales entre Japón y otras naciones.”

European-American Business Council (Consejo de Negocios Europeo-Americano) – Representa los intereses de la Unión Europea (UE) y compañías americanas en asuntos del comercio trasatlantico.

Central European Business Association (Asociacion de Negocios de Europa Central) – Organización basada en Nueva York que promueve el “adelanto mutuo de profesionales y estudiantes interesados en los desarrollos en economía y negocios que tienen lugar en la Europa Central”.

BISNIS: Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States (Servicio de Información de Negocios para los Nuevos Estados Independientes)  – Recurso de información de mercado para compañías de E.U. interesadas en conducir negocios en Rusia y otras repúblicas anteriormente Soviéticas. (Nuevos Estados Independientes).

Council for Trade and Economic Cooperation (Russia-USA) (Consejo para el Comercio y la Cooperación Económica Rusia-E.U.A.) – Promueve contactos entre Rusia y los E.U. a nivel corporativo, mediante un rango de servicios, como asistencia y asesoramiento, y consejo legal, de inversiones y de aduana.

ArabDatanet – Mantenido por la  National U.S.-Arab Chamber of Commerce, este sitio es una puerta de entrada para noticias de negocios y economía e información para el mundo árabe.

Google's Directory of International Business and Trade Associations (Directorio Sobre Asociaciones de Comercio y Negocio Internacional de Google)

Gay and Lesbian Studies

Gay and Lesbian Studies is by nature cross-disciplinary, covering a wide range of intellectual bases: literature, history, religion, psychology, sociology, philosophy, anthropology, medicine, law, fine arts, and others. Resources in this subject area may be found in nearly every division of the Research Libraries. This guide offers multiple trajectories into this richly varied field.

Despite the presence of large numbers of homosexuals in New York City and other urban centers in the United States and throughout the world, their history has often been neglected or marginalized, a testimony to the inhibiting factors of legal restrictions on certain forms of sexual conduct, the lack of organization among gay men and lesbians, and the unwillingness of the larger society to recognize the value and merit of different forms of erotic and affectional expression.

These difficulties notwithstanding, certain individuals in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Western societies, such as Karl Ulrichs and Magnus Hirschfeld in Germany and Edward Carpenter and John Addington Symonds in Britain, began to conceive of themselves as belonging to a discrete group possessing a distinct identity; that this insight was revolutionary is underscored by the fact that no name existed for this body of people who shared similar sexual longings and desires. The term "uranian" was considered, but it failed to find favor and was replaced by words such as "homosexual" and "homophile," arbitrary constructions which, though workable, have been deemed too clinical in some quarters. By the late twentieth century "gay" and "lesbian" had become the recognized terms in scholarly and popular use.

Although these pioneers of the gay rights movement are lauded by civil libertarians and activists for their contribution to the political and social liberation of homosexuals, they are also significant for their concern in recognizing the importance of collecting and preserving materials relating to homosexuals and their vehicles of self-expression and identification. Yet this nascent attempt at identifying and collecting materials relating to the homosexual experience was itself inhibited and circumscribed by the need of many lesbians and gay men to lead hidden lives, fearful that self-disclosure would result in a loss of employment or legal difficulties. Of course, this very secrecy has made research strategies into the area of gay studies problematic, with scholars either attempting to intuit meanings not overtly expressed in historical records or employing materials (such as court or police reports) to identify behavior not discussed in more conventional sources.

Despite these problems The Research Libraries of The New York Public Library have managed, since their beginnings in 1911, to collect materials relating to this large, but submerged, population. Although the subject entries in the Dictionary Catalog of the Research Libraries, 1911-1971, employ terms that appear today to be abstruse or arcane, the very presence of these works, some quite rare, attests to the Library's interest in acquiring in this field. CATNYP, the computer catalog which lists the Library's acquisitions since 1972, reflects the recent expansion of scholarly and popular interest in gay and lesbian studies.

Resources in this subject area may be found in nearly every division of the Research Libraries. While the bulk of the material is available in the General Research Division, other units of the Library possess significant collections; researchers are directed to The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The Photography Collection, the Rare Books Division, the Manuscripts and Archives Division, and The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.

The published materials in the Research Libraries are complemented by manuscript collections reflecting the donation to the Library of various archives, the most significant being that of the International Gay Information Center, the inventory for which is available at the Information Desk in room 315. These archives include the records of organizations such as the Gay Activists Alliance and the Mattachine Society; the personal papers of Arthur Bell, Jonathan Katz, and other gay men and lesbians; gay- and lesbian-related periodicals, both domestic and foreign; ephemera such as posters, flyers, announcements, gay comic and coloring books, t-shirts, buttons and games; and audio-visual materials.

If you need further assistance, visit our reference desk, or e-mail us at grdref@nypl.org

Using the Catalogs

General instructions for locating materials are given in the Research Guide, How Do I Find a Book?. The following information is specific to the topic at hand.

The Dictionary Catalog is arranged primarily by subject and author; there are title entries for works of fiction. Reflecting the usage of its time, the Dictionary Catalog provides no subject heading for Gay and few entries can be found under Lesbian or Homosexuality; the main subject entry for material dealing with male and female homosexuality is Sexual Inversion. For antiquarian material, then, it is best to approach this catalog with the most specific citation possible (the author's name is generally best), as not everything is to be found under Sexual Inversion.

Entries in CATNYP, the computer catalog, may be searched by author, title, subject, or keyword. Straightforward author or title searches should pose no problem. However, in contrast to the Dictionary Catalog, the diversity of subject headings utilized by CATNYP can be bewildering. Specific terms have been assigned distinct meanings; for example, entering the subject Homosexuality will not retrieve many titles on lesbianism. When a subject search is unsuccessful, retry it as a keyword; if that produces entries, review the full record for each item and note the subject headings under which it was cataloged. Then do a subject search using those terms. For example, entering Gays Military as a subject heading retrieves no records; however, utilizing these terms as keywords does result in retrieving a citation which, when displayed as a full record, yields the appropriate subject headings through which other relevant titles can be found.

For guidance in choosing the most useful subject terms for your search in CATNYP, consult the Library of Congress Subject Headings volumes in Room 315. The following subject headings will generate many titles:

Homosexuality
Gay Liberation Movement
Homosexuals
Gays
Gay Men
Lesbians
Lesbianism

The question of appropriate subject headings for this new discipline and the value of same for researchers is ably addressed by Ellen Greenblatt in her essay "Homosexuality: The Evolution of a Concept in the Library of Congress Subject Headings" in Gay and Lesbian Library Service (JFE 91-2095) which provides an excellent overview and guidelines.

Basic Reference Volumes

Allen, Jane, comp. Out on the Shelves: Lesbian Books into Libraries. Newcastle-under-Lyme, England: AAL Pub., 1989. JLD 89-1957. British in scope, lists over 200 works of literature, biography, history, psychology, etc.

Clyde, Laurel A. Out of the Closet and into the Classroom: Homosexuality in Books for Young People. Port Melbourne, Australia: ALIA Press, 1992. JFD 92-11889. Bibliography of homosexuality in English-language children's literature.

Contemporary Gay American Novelists: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook, edited by Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993. *RS-NBB 93-4247. A selective guide to the genre. As the title implies, lesbian authors are not covered.

Dynes, Wayne R. Homosexuality: a Research Guide. New York: Garland Pub., 1987. JLD 87-2622 and *RS-SVB 94-176. This indispensable guide to gay and lesbian literature of international scope contains 4858 citations grouped under 24 main topics and 176 subtopics; numerous languages are represented. Excludes most works of fiction, poetry, and drama. Heavily annotated. Subject and personal name indexes.

Foster, Jeannette H. Sex Variant Women in Literature. Tallahassee, FL: Naiad Press, 1985. JFD 91-8782. Pioneer bibliography, first published in 1956, now updated to 1984. Covers all western languages and analyzes poetry, drama, and fiction for lesbian references.

Gay and Lesbian Library Service, edited by Cal Gough and Ellen Greenblatt. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1990. JFE 91-2095. A very useful guide to researching the field.

Grier, Barbara. The Lesbian in Literature. 3rd Edition. Tallahassee, FL: Naiad Press, 1981. JFD 83-7323. 7000 titles, fiction and nonfiction, arranged alphabetically by author and coded to denote extent of lesbian interest.

Horner, Thomas Marland. Homosexuality and the Judeo-Christian Tradition: an Annotated Bibliography. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1981. JLD 82-1089. Selective list of 459 English-language items excluding historical and primary sources. An appendix cites "Biblical References to Homosexuality" both definite and alleged. Subject and author indexes.

Maggiore, Dolores J. Lesbianism, an Annotated Bibliography and Guide to the Literature, 1976-1991. 2nd Edition. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1992. JFD 93-7889 and *RS-SVB 93-12423. Over 500 annotated nonfiction works, grouped under five topics: individuals, minorities, families, oppression, and health. Author/title index and resource guide.

Parker, William. Homosexuality: a Selective Bibliography of Over 3000 Items. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1971. JLD 74-1206 and JLD 72-1659. This and the following two supplements contain over 10,000 entries referring to sources in English (and those translated into English). Court cases, movies, television programs, etc. are also covered. Few annotations. Subject and author indexes in each volume.

Parker, William. Homosexuality Bibliography: Supplement, 1970-1975. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1977. JFD 78-996. See previous annotation.

Parker, William. Homosexuality Bibliography: Second Supplement, 1976-1982. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1985. JLD 86-3836. See previous annotation.

Ridinger, Robert B. Marks, comp. The Homosexual and Society: an Annotated Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990. JLE 90-2020. Arranged within seven categories ranging from adoption to police attitudes, the citations are mainly culled from The Advocate; other sources include The Ladder, The Mattachine Review, popular and legal periodicals, and monographs. Little AIDS material is included, and coverage basically ceases at the end of 1987. Heavily annotated. Subject index.

Weinberg, Martin S., ed. Homosexuality: an Annotated Bibliography, co-edited by Alan P. Bell. New York: Harper & Row, 1972. JLE 73-99. This extensively annotated bibliography of 1265 items published in English (including translations) between 1940-1968 excludes belles-lettres, popular press, and newspapers; material from gay and lesbian publications has been generally excluded. Emphasis is on sociology, psychology, and psychiatry. Author and subject indexes.

Young, Ian. The Male Homosexual in Literature: A Bibliography. 2nd ed. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1982. *RS-NABX 88-2112. An alphabetical listing by author of over 4200 English- language works (including translations). Includes fiction, drama, poetry, and autobiography published through 1980. Title index and essays on gay literature.

Directories and Indexes

Clardy, Andrea. Words to the Wise: a Writer's Guide to Feminist and Lesbian Periodicals and Publishers. 3rd Ed. Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Books, 1990. JFD 92-5606. Annotated list of presses and periodicals; resource list.

International Association of Lesbian and Gay Archives and Libraries. Directory of the International Association of Lesbian and Gay Archives and Libraries, compiled by Alan V. Miller. Toronto: Canadian Gay Archives, 1987. JFF 88-1424. Basically a proper name index; short on topical entries. Still of value but in need of updating.

Malinowsky, H. Robert, comp. International Directory of Gay and Lesbian Periodicals. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1987. Pub. Cat. 87-4808. A directory of more than 1,900 titles. Contains subject/ geographic and publisher/ editor indexes. Out-of-date but still useful retrospectively.

Miller, Alan V., comp. Our Own Voices: A Directory of Lesbian and Gay Periodicals, 1890-1990: Including the Complete Holdings of the Canadian Gay Archives. Toronto: Gay Canadian Archives, 1991. JFF 92-2543. Major source to more than 7,200 gay and lesbian titles published worldwide, including titles of interest to bisexuals, transvestites, transsexuals, and the AIDS community. Sections devoted to guides, directories, and catalogs. The index contains a chronological list of magazines appearing from 1894-1969.

Potter, Clare, ed. Lesbian Periodicals Index. Tallahassee, FL: Naiad Press, 1986. *RS-SNA 86-5283. Author and subject index to forty-two U.S. lesbian periodicals from 1947-1985.

Ridinger, Robert B., comp. An Index to The Advocate: The National Gay Newsmagazine, 1967-1982. Los Angeles: Liberation Publications, 1987. JFF 92-2848 and *ZAN-T3212+.

Sherrill, Jan-Mitchell. The Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Students' Guide to Colleges, Universities, and Graduate Schools. New York: New York University Press, 1994. JFE 94-2697. Evaluates 189 institutions nationwide from the viewpoint of lesbian, gay, and bisexual students.

General Works

Bawer, Bruce. A Place at the Table: the Gay Individual in American Society. New York: Poseidon Press, 1993. JFE 93-13761. A spokesman for the gay "silent majority."

Boston Marriages: Romantic but Asexual Relationships among Contemporary Lesbians, edited by Esther D. Rothblum and Kathleen A. Brehony. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993. JFE 94-962.

Coming Out: an Anthology of International Gay and Lesbian Writings, edited by Stephan Likosky. New York: Pantheon Books, 1992. JFD 92-14888. Impressive collection of gay and lesbian non-fiction since 1969.

Corley, Rip. The Final Closet: The Gay Parents' Guide for Coming Out to Their Children. Miami: Editech Press, 1990. JFE 92-3232. Contains section on support groups, legal services, family and social services, and other resources.

Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, edited by Wayne R. Dynes. New York: Garland Pub., 1990, 2 volumes. JFF 90-553. An essential reference source containing more than 770 articles dealing with all aspects of homosexuality. A reader's guide is included for those who wish to pursue a systematic study of a subject.

Eyes of Desire: A Deaf Gay and Lesbian Reader, edited by Raymond Luczak. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1993. JFD 93-14123.

Faderman, Lillian. Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love Between Women, from the Renaissance to the Present. New York: Morrow, 1981. JLE 81-1509 and MSS DIV\IGIC\NONF\F4.

Fletcher, Lynne Yamaguchi. Lavender Lists: New Lists about Lesbian and Gay Culture, History, and Personalities. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1990. JFD 91-11871. Good index; highlights popular culture.

Grahn, Judy. Another Mother Tongue: Gay Words, Gay Worlds. Boston: Beacon Press, 1990. JFE 91-2029. Explores the use of language to define gay and lesbian culture by examining stereotypes as access points into history.

Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories, edited by Diana Fuss. New York: Routledge, 1991. JFE 92-5027. An anthology of lectures, many originally delivered at the Second Annual Lesbian and Gay Studies Conference at Yale.

Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, edited by Henry Abelove, Michele A. Barale, and David M. Halperin. New York: Routledge, 1993. [on order]

Lesbian Studies: Present and Future, edited by Margaret Cruikshank. Old Westbury, NY: Feminist Press, 1982. JLE 82- 1839.

A Lotus of Another Color: An Unfolding of the South Asian Gay and Lesbian Experience, edited by Rakesh Ratti. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1993. JFD 93-6814. The growth of self-definition as expressed in poems, essays, interviews, and short stories.

Marcus, Eric. Is It a Choice?: Answers to 300 of the Most Frequently Asked Questions About Gays and Lesbians. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993. JFD 93-10559.

Martin, Del and Phyllis Lyon. Lesbian/Woman. Volcano, CA: Volcano Press, 1991. JFE 92-5595. Classic work by the founders of Daughters of Bilitis, first published in 1972, now in a revised edition with a 20-year update.

The Persistent Desire: A Femme-Butch Reader, edited by Joan Nestle. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1992. JFD 92-11146. Anthology of fiction and non-fiction which illustrates the complex erotic and social statements inherent in butch-femme relationships.

Rist, Darrell Yates. Heartlands: a Gay Man's Odyssey Across America. New York: Dutton, 1992. JFE 92-11768.

Young, Gay & Proud!, edited by Sasha Alyson. 3rd Ed. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1991. JFD 92-12534. Classic guide for gay and lesbian teenagers, updated for the 1990's.

Biography, Autobiography, and Memoirs

Baker, Michael. Our Three Selves: The Life of Radclyffe Hall. London: H. Hamilton, 1985. JFE 89-2801.

Crisp, Quentin. The Naked Civil Servant. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968. D-18 7275 and MSS DIV\IGIC\BIO\C18.

Kennedy, Hubert C. Ulrichs: the Life and Works of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Pioneer of the Modern Gay Movement. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1988. JFD 89-3804.

Kopay, David. The David Kopay Story: An Extraordinary Self- Revelation, co-authored by Perry Deane Young. New York: Arbor House, 1977. JFD 77-8215 and MSS DIV\IGIC\BIO\K10. Autobiography of a gay football player.

Lesbian Lives: Biographies of Women from The Ladder, edited by Barbara Grier and Coletta Reid. Oakland, CA: Diana Press, 1976. JFD 91-11443.

Liebman, Marvin. Coming Out Conservative: An Autobiography. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1992. JFE 92-964. The memoirs of a gay political figure who was one of the founders of the New York State Conservative Party.

Lorde, Audre. Zami, a New Spelling of My Name. Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press, 1982. JFD 90-4113. Seminal work by this African-American poet.

Mavor, Elizabeth. The Ladies of Llangollen: A Study in Romantic Friendship. London: Joseph, 1971. D-20 6000. An engaging account of two women who lived together in eighteenth-century Britain.

A Member of the Family: Gay Men Write about Their Families, edited by John Preston. New York: Dutton, 1991. JFE 93-4894.

Merrill, James Ingram. A Different Person: A Memoir. New York: Knopf, 1993. JFE 93-12130. Autobiography of the American poet.

Miller, Merle. On Being Different: What It Means to be a Homosexual. New York: Popular Library, 1971. MSS DIV\IGIC\BIO\M26. A memoir by the author of Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman.

Mollenkott, Virginia R. Sensuous Spirituality: Out from Fundamentalism. New York: Crossroad, 1992. JFE 92-10172.

Monette, Paul. Becoming a Man: Half a Life Story. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. JFE 92-7174. The noted novelist discusses his life and education.

Navratilova, Martina. Martina, written with George Vecsey. New York: Knopf, 1985. JFD 88-7336.

Nestle, Joan. A Restricted Country. Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Books, 1987. JFD 88-10771. The autobiography of the lesbian writer and anthologist.

One Teenager in Ten: Writings by Gay and Lesbian Youth, edited by Ann Heron. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1983. JLD 88-25.

The Original Coming Out Stories, edited by Julia Penelope and Susan J. Wolfe. Expanded ed. Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1989. JFE 90-3529 and MSS DIV\IGIC\BIO\O7a.

Pallone, Dave. Behind the Mask: My Double Life in Baseball, written with Alan Steinberg. New York: Viking, 1990. JFE 90-7393. The life and struggles of a gay umpire.

Reid, John. The Best Little Boy in the World. New York: Ballantine Books, 1993, c1976. JFD 93-14601. A pseudonymous coming-of-age memoir.

Rorem, Ned. The New York Diary. New York: G. Braziller, 1967. JFD 91-7766. One of the diaries of the noted composer.

Sarton, May. May Sarton: A Self-Portrait, edited by Marita Simpson and Martha Wheelock. New York: W.W. Norton, 1986, c1982. JFD 86-7661.

Schumacher, Michael. Dharma Lion: A Critical Biography of Allen Ginsberg. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. JFE 92-12194.

Shilts, Randy. The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982. JFE 83-4219 and MSS DIV\IGIC\BIO\S10. The biography of the San Francisco politician and gay activist.

Steffan, Joseph. Honor Bound: A Gay American Fights for the Right to Serve His Country. New York: Villard Books, 1992. JFE 92-10707.

Sweetman, David. Mary Renault: A Biography. London: Chatto and Windus, 1993. JFE 93-8481.

Timmons, Stuart. The Trouble with Harry Hay: Founder of the Modern Gay Movement. Boston: Alyson, 1990. JFD 91-2886.

Vining, Donald. A Gay Diary. New York: Pepys Press, 1979-1983. 4 vols. JFL 80-242 and MSS DIV\IGIC\BIO\V5.

Wells, Anna Mary. Miss Marks and Miss Woolley. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978. JFE 78-3007. An examination of the relationship between Woolley, the president of Mount Holyoke College, and Marks, a writer and teacher at the College.

White, Edmund. Genet: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1993. JFE 93-13354.

Wolff, Charlotte. Magnus Hirschfeld: A Portrait of a Pioneer in Sexology. London and New York: Quartet Books, 1986. JFE 87- 2729.

History

General Works
Classical, Medieval, and Renaissance
Modern

General Works

Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past,

edited by Martin Duberman, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey, Jr. New York: NAL Books, 1989.

JLE 90-325

. Twenty-nine perceptive essays covering aspects of the gay and lesbian world from ancient to contemporary times. No index.

Classical, Medieval, and Renaissance

Bailey, Derrick Sherwin.

Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition

. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1975.

JFD 91-5625

. Seminal work on the subject first published in 1955. Dated but valuable historical review spanning Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages.

Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. JLF 80-1524. Important work which explores the increasing hostility toward homosexuality following the collapse of the Roman state.

Bray, Alan. Homosexuality in Renaissance England. London: Gay Men's Press, 1988, c1982. 2nd ed. JLD 89-1481.

Brown, Judith C. Immodest Acts: the Life of a Lesbian Nun in Renaissance Italy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. JFD 85-9740. Biography of lesbian nuns illustrates 17th-century attitudes, especially within the church.

Cantarella, Eva. Bisexuality in the Ancient World. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. JFE 92-862. Covers the topic from the Greek Dark Age to the end of Imperial Rome.

Dover, Kenneth James. Greek Homosexuality. Updated ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989. JFE 90-2562. An important-and demanding-work which covers Greek homosexuality from the eighth through the second centuries B.C.

Goodich, Michael. The Unmentionable Vice: Homosexuality in the Middle Ages. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1979. JLE 79-1505. Appendix contains the record of Arnold of Verniolle's trial for heresy and sodomy.

Halperin, David M. One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: And Other Essays on Greek Love. New York: Routledge, 1990. JLE 90-66.

Winkler, John J. The Constraints of Desire: The Anthropology of Sex and Gender in Ancient Greece. New York: Routledge, 1990. JFE 90-686.

Modern

Berube, Allan. Coming Out Under Fire: the History of Gay Men and Women in World War Two. New York: Free Press, 1990. JFE 90- 3833.

Chauncey, George. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Makings of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940. New York: Basic Books, 1994. JFE 94-12059.

Cory, Donald Webster. (pseud.) The Homosexual in America. New York: Greenberg, 1951. 8-SNZ and MSS DIV\IGIC\NONF\C47. Pivotal American work appealing for an understanding of the homosexual.

Cory, Donald Webster. (pseud.) The Lesbian in America. New York: Citadel Press, 1964. D-16-2321. Pioneer work, although Albert Ellis' introduction shows the bias of its time by offering psychotherapy as a cure. Valuable bibliography. Appendices relate to government employment and army regulations concerning homosexuals in the 1950's.

Cruikshank, Margaret. The Gay and Lesbian Liberation Movement. New York: Routledge, 1992. JFE 92-11486. The movement viewed from a feminist perspective.

D'Emilio, John. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America. New York: Harper and Row, 1988. JLE 89-418.

D'Emilio, John. Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940-1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983. JLE 83-1001.

Duberman, Martin. About Time: Exploring the Gay Past. Rev. ed. New York: Meridian, 1991. JFD 92-6783. A collection of historical documents from various sources and of essays by Duberman. Part three of the first edition (JLE 87-3029) which consisted of extracts from Duberman's diary has been dropped from this edition in favor of additional essays. The bibliography prepared for his graduate course in gay and lesbian studies is appended.

Duberman, Martin. Stonewall. New York: Dutton, 1993. JFE 93-7624. Lesbian and gay life before and after Stonewall, as seen by six contemporaries.

Faderman, Lillian. Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: a History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. JFE 91-5983. Cultural history traces the development of lesbian subcultures and emphasizes diversity.

Katz, Jonathan. Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: a Documentary History. Rev. Ed. New York: Meridian, 1992. JFE 92-7653. Revised edition of a classic work invaluable to the study of gay and lesbian American history. Abundant primary material from 1528-1976 arranged thematically. Updated bibliography.

Katz, Jonathan. Gay/Lesbian Almanac. New York: Harper and Row, 1983. JLE 83-2882. This collection serves as a companion volume to Gay American History.

Kennedy, Elizabeth. Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold. New York: Routledge, 1993. JFE 93-4087. History of a working-class lesbian community in Buffalo, N.Y.

Lesbians in Germany, 1890's-1920's, edited by Lillian Faderman and Brigitte Eriksson. Tallahassee, FL: Naiad Press, 1990. JFD 90-4640. Anthology of fiction and nonfiction reveals the history of German lesbianism.

Marcus, Eric. Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945-1990: An Oral History. New York: HarperCollins, 1992. JFE 92-6256 and JFE 92-10111.

Marotta, Toby. The Politics of Homosexuality. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981. JLE 81-1793. History of gay political activity in the United States from the 1940's to the 1970's.

Norton, Rictor. Mother Clap's Molly House: the Gay Subculture in England, 1700-1830. London: GMP; distributed by InBook, East Haven, Conn., 1992. JFD 93-1404.

Not a Passing Phase: Reclaiming Lesbians in History, 1840-1985. London: Women's Press, 1989. JLD 90-315. Essays by various British authors.

The Pursuit of Sodomy: Male Homosexuality in Renaissance and Enlightenment Europe, edited by Kent Gerard and Gert Hekma. New York: Harrington Park Press, c1989. JLD 89-710.

Shilts, Randy. Conduct Unbecoming: Lesbians and Gays in the U.S. Military: Vietnam to the Persian Gulf. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. JFE 93-5782. A short prologue adds an historical perspective from 1778 to 1954. Copious notes and a selected bibliography.

Wheelwright, Julie. Amazons and Military Maids: Women Who Dressed As Men in the Pursuit of Life, Liberty and Happiness. Boston: Pandora, 1989. JFE 89-1349. Women who dressed as men throughout European and American history. Selected biographies, bibliography, and many illustrations.

Literature

Literary Criticism
Anthologies
Towards a Queer Aesthetic
Individual Works Of Fiction And Drama

Literary Criticism

Bergman, David.

Gaiety Transfigured: Gay Self-Representation in American Literature

. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.

JFE 91-8104

.

Clum, John M. Acting Gay: Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992. JFE 92-7254. Interprets the central works of gay male drama written by American and English playwrights from 1930-1992. Annotated bibliography.

De Jongh, Nicholas. Not in Front of the Audience: Homosexuality on Stage. New York: Routledge, 1992. JFD 92-11257. Male homosexuality as depicted in London and New York theaters from 1925-1985.

Displacing Homophobia: Gay Male Perspectives in Literature and Culture, edited by Ronald R. Butters, John M. Clum, and Michael Moon. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1989. JFE 91-7491.

Foster, David William. Gay and Lesbian Themes in Latin American Writing. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1991. JFE 91- 8892. Extensive bibliography.

Garber, Eric. Uranian Worlds: a Guide to Alternative Sexuality in Science Fiction. 2nd Ed. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1990. JFE 91-2199. Numerous biographical notes. Appendices list anthologies, films, videos, and fan clubs. Chronological, title, and biographical indexes.

Grahn, Judy. The Highest Apple: Sappho and the Lesbian Poetic Tradition. San Francisco: Spinsters, Ink, 1985. JFD 87-2979.

Grier, Barbara. Lesbiana: Book Reviews from the Ladder, 1966-72. [Reno]: Naiad Press, 1976. JFD 78-5100. Insightful amusing reviews of several hundred books and periodicals from the vanguard lesbian magazine. Author/title index.

An Intimate Wilderness: Lesbian Writers on Sexuality, edited by Judith Barrington. Portland, OR: Eighth Mountain Press, 1991. JFE 91-10035. Literary collection on lesbian sexuality.

Koponen, Wilfrid R. Embracing a Gay Identity: Gay Novels as Guides. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1993. JFE 93-10414. The coming-out experiences of gay men as depicted in six contemporary novels.

Lesbian and Gay Writing: an Anthology of Critical Essays, edited by Mark Lilly. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1990. JFD 90-9603. Written by gay and lesbian contributors, the book contains chapter notes but no separate bibliography. Index of persons only.

Rule, Jane. Lesbian Images. London: Pluto Press, 1989, c1975. JFD 90-4267. The theme of lesbianism as seen in a variety of literary and nonfiction sources.

Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. JFE 85-1191.

What Lesbians Do in Books, edited by Elaine Hobby and Chris White. London: Women's Press, 1991. JFD 92-2899. British anthology of writings about lesbians as writers, readers, critics, and characters in literature.

Zimmerman, Bonnie. The Safe Sea of Women: Lesbian Fiction, 1969-1989. Boston: Beacon Press, 1990. JFE 90-6620.

Anthologies

Black Men/White Men: A Gay Anthology

, edited by Michael J. Smith. San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1983.

(S) JFD 85-2456

and

MSS DIV\IGIC\NONF\B63a

. A collection of essays, short stories, and poems dealing with the gay black experience.

Companeras: Latina Lesbians, compiled by Juanita Ramos. New York: Latina Lesbian History Project, 1987. JFD 89-2352. Bilingual collection of oral history, fiction, poetry, essays, and art by and about Latina lesbians.

Discontents: New Queer Writers, edited by Dennis Cooper. New York: Amethyst Press, 1992. JFD 92-13580.

The Faber Book of Gay Short Fiction, edited by Edmund White. London and Boston: Faber and Faber, 1991. JFD 91-10519.

Gay and Lesbian Poetry in Our Time: an Anthology, edited by Carl Morse and Joan Larkin. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. JFE 89-277. An outstanding collection. Brief sketches of the poets are included.

Gay Plays, edited by Michael Wilcox. London and New York: Methuen, 1984- . Volumes 1-4. JFK 87-199.

Here to Dare: 10 Gay Black Poets, edited by Assotto Saint. New York: Galiens Press, 1992. JFD 93-5930 and JFD 93-10598.

Lesbian Plays, selected by Jill Davis. Volumes 1-2. London: Methuen, 1987- . JFK 90-27.

Living the Spirit: a Gay American Indian Anthology, edited by Will Roscoe. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. HBC 88-2466. A collection of stories, poems, and essays by and about gay Native Americans. Addendum includes contacts, resources, and a bibliography of sources and suggested reading.

Men on Men: Best New Gay Fiction, edited by George Stambolian, New York, 1986- . Volume 1, JFD 93-18430; volume 2, JFD 89-398; volume 3, JFD 93-8874; volume 4, JFD 94-410; volume 5, JFD95-11587.

Naming the Waves: Contemporary Lesbian Poetry, edited by Christian McEwen. London: Virago, 1988. JFD 90-152.

Now the Volcano: An Anthology of Latin American Gay Literature, edited by Winston Leyland. San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1979. JFD 80-5472 and MSS DIV\IGIC\FIC\L42.

The Penguin Book of Gay Short Stories, edited by David Leavitt and Mark Mitchell. New York: Viking, 1994. JFE 94-2451.

The Penguin Book of Lesbian Short Stories, edited by Margaret Reynolds. New York: Viking, 1993. (S) JFD 93-16467.

The Violet Quill Reader: the Emergence of Gay Writing After Stonewall, edited by David Bergman. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. JFD 94-11241.

Women on Women: An Anthology of American Lesbian Short Fiction, edited by Joan Nestle and Naomi Holoch. New York: Plume, 1990. JFD 92-35.

Towards a Queer Aesthetic

Throughout the centuries, homosexual literature has remained hidden in plain sight, never far from view but elusive to all except those who created and read it. Thus ghettoized, gay literature was the furtive province of imagined moral guilt and perceived deviant sexuality, inhabited by doomed homosexuals and social outcasts.

The past twenty-five years have witnessed the emergence of gay literature from the realms of the clandestine into the maincurrents of cultural thought, and the establishment of a major literary movement with an ever-increasing canon of work. It is a movement that, by reaching deeply into the shared and individual experiences and complexities of homosexual life, is laying claim to all the potential for expressive thought that literature offers, taking issue with the untrue and illuminating the universal human need and desire for self-worth, affirmation, pleasure, gratification, and love.

It has been suggested that, like other literary movements, gay literature requires its own critical standard or aesthetic, an all-encompassing queer aesthetic. Others believe that gay literature should be held to the same critical standards as other literary movements. The debate over the purpose and future of gay literature and its relation to a larger cultural landscape will continue. A resolution to the conflict between gay assimilationists and gay militants over legitimacy versus liberation is nowhere in sight. That the controversy can take place, and in the clear light of day, may be the most significant achievement of all.

The following very selective, illustrative list of imaginative works of literature is chosen to provide an overview of modern gay and lesbian literature.

Individual Works Of Fiction And Drama

NB: Where appropriate, only one edition of a particular work is listed here; consult the catalogs for other editions.

Allison, Dorothy. Trash. Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Books, 1988. JFD 89-711.

Baldwin, James. Giovanni's Room. New York: Dial Press, 1956. D-10 1295.

Brown, Rita Mae. Rubyfruit Jungle. Plainfield, VT: Daughters, inc., 1973. JFD 77-11691.

Cameron, Peter. Leap Year. New York: Harper and Row, 1990. JFE 90-4689.

Chambers, Jane. Last Summer at Bluefish Cove. New York: JH Press, 1982. JFD 90-1553.

Colette, Sidonie Gabrielle. The Pure and the Impure, translated by Herma Briffault. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1967. D-17 8633.

Cooper, Dennis. Wrong: Stories. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1992. JFD 92-13228.

Crowley, Mart. The Boys in the Band. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1968. MSS DIV\IGIC\DRA\C24.

Cunningham, Michael. A Home at the End of the World. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1990. JFE 91-2460.

Dixon, Melvin. Vanishing Rooms. New York: Dutton, 1991. JFD 91-7950.

Duplechan, Larry. Captain Swing, a Love Story. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1993. JFD 93-14274.

Flagg, Fannie. Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe. New York: Random House, 1987. JFE 87-6057.

Genet, Jean. Miracle of the Rose. New York: Grove Press, 1966. D-17 1430.

Hall, Radclyffe. The Well of Loneliness. New York: Coviei Friede, 1928. NCW.

Hemphill, Essex. Ceremonies. New York: Plume, 1992. JFD 92-10875.

Holleran, Andrew. Dancer from the Dance. New York: Morrow, 1978. JFD 80-4075 and JFD 78-8343.

Hollinghurst, Alan. The Swimming Pool Library. London: Chatto and Windus, 1988. JFE 88-5110.

Islas, Arturo. Migrant Souls. New York: Morrow, 1990. JFC 90-1937.

Isherwood, Christopher. A Single Man. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1964. D-15 7319.

Kenan, Randall. Let the Dead Bury Their Dead and Other Stories. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. JFD 92-13235.

Kramer, Larry. The Normal Heart. New York: New American Library, 1985. JFD 93-8967.

Leavitt, David. The Lost Language of Cranes. New York: Knopf, 1986. JFD 86-9839.

Mars-Jones, Adam. Monopolies of Loss. London; Boston: Faber and Faber, 1992. JFD 92-18078.

Maupin, Armistead. Tales of the City. New York: Harper and Row, 1978. JFL 79-221.

McGehee, Peter. Sweetheart. Toronto: HarperCollins, 1992. JFD 92-12271.

Miller, Isabel. Patience and Sarah. New York: Ballantine, 1983, c1969. JFC 90-2001.

Monette, Paul. Taking Care of Mrs. Carroll. Boston: Little, Brown, 1978. JFD 78-3538.

Nava, Michael. How Town: A Novel of Suspense. New York: Harper and Row, 1990. JFD 90-6535.

Peck, Dale. Martin and John. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1993. JFC 93-1233.

Picano, Flice. The Lure. New York: Delacorte Press, 1977. JFE 79-4102.

Raphael, Lev. Dancing on Tisha B'Av. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990. JFD 91-4314.

Rechy, John. City of Night. New York: Grove Press, 1963. D-15 196.

Renault, Mary. The Charioteer. New York: Pantheon, 1959. D-11 8303.

Sarton, May. The Education of Harriet Hatfield. New York: W.W. Norton, 1989. JFD 89-3668.

Scully, Robert. A Scarlet Pansy. New York: W. Faro, 1932. D-17 6698.

Vidal, Gore. The City and the Pillar. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1948. NCW.

Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982. JFD 82-2023.

Weir, John. The Irreversible Decline of Eddie Socket. New York: Harper & Row, 1989. JFD 90-4432.

White, Edmund. The Beautiful Room is Empty. New York: Knopf, 1988. JFD 89-4580.

Whitmore, George. Nebraska. New York: Grove Press, 1987. Rev. ed. New York: Washington Square Press, 1989. [on order]

Williams, Tennessee. Collected Stories. New York: New Directions Pub. Corp., 1985. JFE 86-2890.

Legal, Social, And Behavioral Sciences

Bayer, Ronald. Homosexuality and American Psychiatry: The Politics of Diagnosis. New York: Basic Books, 1981. JLD 81-1600 and MSS DIV\IGIC\NONF\B24. A narrative of the events leading to the American Psychiatric Association's decision to remove "homosexuality" from its mental diseases list.

Bell, Alan P. Homosexualities: A Study of Diversity Among Men and Women. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978. JLE 79-286. The result of a survey of the San Francisco Bay Area begun in the 1960's by the Institute for Sex Research, this study remains important and especially relevant since the advent of AIDS.

Berger, Raymond M. Gay and Gray: the Older Homosexual Man. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982. JLE 82-1370 and MSS DIV\IGIC\NONF\B42. A valuable psycho-sociological examination of aging based upon questionnaires of 112 gay men. Contains lengthy profiles of six interview respondents. A pre-AIDS study.

Beyond Tolerance: Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals on Campus, edited by Nancy J. Evans and Vernon A. Wall. Alexandria, VA: American College Personnel Association, 1991. JFE 92-9996. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual issues on campus. The last chapter serves as a resource guide to books, films, periodicals, and organizations.

Califia, Pat. Sapphistry: The Book of Lesbian Sexuality. Tallahassee, FL: Naiad Press, 1988. (S) JLD 90-501. Includes a resource list, an index, and information on lesbians and AIDS.

Camp Grounds: Style and Homosexuality, edited by David Bergman. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993. JFE 94-1287. Essays on various aspects of "camp."

Cavin, Susan. Lesbian Origins. San Francisco: Ism Press, 1985. JFD 90-10828. A lesbian challenge to the heterosexism inherent in the social sciences. Glossary, notes, statistical tables, and bibliography.

Comstock, Gary D. Violence Against Lesbians and Gay Men. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. JBE 91-1453. Contains copious notes and a selected bibliography.

Counseling Gay Men and Lesbians: Journey to the End of the Rainbow, edited by Sari H. Dworkin and Fernando J. Gutierrez. Alexandria, VA: American Association for Counseling and Development, 1992. JFE 92-10311.

Fairchild, Betty. Now That You Know: What Every Parent Should Know About Homosexuality. Updated ed. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989. JFD 92-12292. This edition includes a discussion on AIDS and the family.

Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy, edited by Edward Stein. New York: Garland, 1990. JLD 90-2318. Essays which go beyond the basic debate concerning essentialism versus social constructionism.

Gay Culture in America: Essays from the Field, edited by Gilbert Herdt. Boston: Beacon Press, 1992. JFE 92-2867. This collection of socio-anthropological essays neatly complements the pre-AIDS work edited by Martin Levine: Gay Men: the Sociology of Male Homosexuality (JLD 84-72).

Grey, Antony. Quest for Justice: Towards Homosexual Emancipation. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1992. JFE 92-9161. Homosexual law reform in Great Britain in the 1950's and 1960's. Good index, appendices, and bibliography.

Gross, Larry P. Contested Closets: the Politics and Ethics of Outing. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993. JFE 93-13329. Includes a selection of full-text newspaper and periodical articles on outing.

Hanscombe, Gillian E. Rocking the Cradle: Lesbian Mothers: A Challenge in Family Living. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1982. JLD 84-194.

Hunter, Nan D. The Rights of Lesbians and Gay Men: the Basic ACLU Guide to a Gay Person's Rights. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois Press, 1992. JFC 92-3158.

Kitzinger, Celia. The Social Construction of Lesbianism. London and Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1987. JFD 91-4145. New ways of looking at the study of lesbianism within the social sciences.

Lambda Gray: A Practical, Emotional, and Spiritual Guide for Gays and Lesbians Who Are Growing Older, edited by Jeanne Adleman. North Hollywood, CA: Newcastle Pub., 1993. JFD 93-14721. Aging and self-actualization as seen through the eyes of lesbians and gay men. Includes a useful chapter on resources. No index.

Lesbian Psychologies: Explorations and Challenges. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987. JLE 87-3062. Essays by several authors on lesbian identity, relationships, family, therapies, and community.

Lewes, Kenneth. The Psychoanalytic Theory of Male Homosexuality. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988. JFE 92-3930. The theory historically examined from Freud to the early 1980's.

Long Time Passing: Lives of Older Lesbians, edited by Marcy Adelman. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1986. JLD 87-3331. Personal accounts by aging lesbians; lists resources for health and legal assistance.

McDonald, Helen B. Homosexuality: a Practical Guide to Counseling Lesbians, Gay Men, and Their Families. New York: Continuum, 1990. JFD 90-10907. Also discusses strategies for aiding special needs groups within the lesbian and gay communities.

Mohr, Richard D. Gays/Justice: a Study of Ethics, Society, and Law. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. JFE 91-7489.

Out of the Closets: Voices of Gay Liberation, edited by Karla Jay and Allen Young. 2nd ed. New York: New York University Press, 1992. JFD 92-15910. A reprint (with added foreword by John D'Emilio) of the classic gay liberation collection first published in 1972.

"Queer Theory: Lesbian and Gay Sexualities," edited by Teresa de Lauretis, published as the summer, 1991, issue of Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies. JFL 91-290.

Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia, edited by Gilbert Herdt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. JFE 84-3901. Distinguished anthropologists contribute essays covering aspects of this practice among a wide cross-section of Melanesian cultures. Extensive bibliography and index.

Samar, Vincent J. The Right to Privacy: Gays, Lesbians, and the Constitution. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991. JFD 91-8758.

Signorile, Michelangelo. Queer in America: Sex, the Media, and the Closets of Power. New York: Random House, 1993. JFE 93- 6819.

Tatchell, Peter. Europe in the Pink: Lesbian and Gay Equality in the New Europe. London: GMP, 1992. JFD 92-9217. A major revision and expansion of the author's Out in Europe. Contains status reports on individual countries, including those in Eastern Europe. Current through 1991.

Whitam, Frederick L. Male Homosexuality in Four Societies: Brazil, Guatemala, the Philippines, and the United States. New York: Praeger, 1986. JLE 86-1825. A cross-cultural study which attempts to exhibit common elements in the development of a homosexual personality regardless of the cultural context. An insightful work although cross-gender patterns seem overemphasized. Bibliography and index.

Williams, Walter. The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture. Boston: Beacon Press, 1992. HBC 92-17606. An exploration of the character and tradition of the berdache.

Woods, James D. The Corporate Closet: The Professional Lives of Gay Men in America. New York: Free Press, 1993. JBE 94-412.

AIDS

AIDS Caregiver's Handbook, edited by Ted Eidson. Rev. ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. *R-Econ. RC607 .A26 .A34572 and JFD 93-15308. Description of the disease itself, discussion of counseling issues, practical matters of homecare, and essays on AIDS. Appendixes include a bibliography, sample forms, and directories of relevant organizations.

AIDS in the World, edited by the Global AIDS Policy Coalition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992. *R-WE 93-1642. Broad, non-technical analysis of the AIDS epidemic worldwide. Describes its spread and shape across different regions and sectors of the population, with many statistics and maps. Discusses responses to AIDS, from medical research to preventive education.

Dietz, Stephen D. Take These Broken Wings and Learn to Fly: The Support Book for Patients, Family and Friends Living with AIDS. Tucson, AZ: Harbinger House, 1992. JFD 93-2653.

Hombs, Mary Ellen. AIDS Crisis in America: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1992. *R-WE 93-2836. Includes essays on various aspects of AIDS in the United States, directories of AIDS-related organizations, and a bibliography.

Huber, Jeffrey T. How to Find Information About AIDS. New York: Haworth Press, 1992. *R-Econ. RC607 .A26.H9 and Pub. Cat. 93-1596. Lists AIDS-related organizations, state health agencies, hotlines, research institutions, grant funding sources, and education and training centers. The bibliography includes both print and electronic sources.

Langone, John. AIDS: The Facts. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991. JFD 91-14004. Broad description of AIDS discussing treatments, prospects for a vaccine, prevention, and testing.

Shilts, Randy. And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic. New York: Penguin, 1988. JFE 92-5879. Bestselling book on the historical and political aspects of the AIDS epidemic in the United States.

Religion And Philosophy

Allen, Jeffner. Lesbian Philosophy: Explorations. Palo Alto, CA: Institute of Lesbian Studies, 1986. JFD 90-3857.

The Churches Speak On-Homosexuality: Official Statements from Religious Bodies and Ecumenical Organizations, edited by J. Gordon Melton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991. JFE 93-925. Statements from 1563 to 1990.

Conner, Randy P. Blossom of Bone: Reclaiming the Connection Between Homoeroticism and the Sacred. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993. JFE 94-501. An interesting cross-cultural account of gender variance and same-sex desire within spiritual traditions.

Douglas, Carol Anne. Love and Politics: Radical Feminist and Lesbian Theories. San Francisco: Ism Press, 1990. JFD 91-4363.

Hoagland, Sarah L. Lesbian Ethics: Toward New Value. Palo Alto, CA: Institute of Lesbian Studies, 1988. JFE 90-7318.

Homosexuality and World Religions, edited by Arlene Swidler. Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International, 1993. JFD 93- 9851.

Lesbian Philosophies and Cultures, edited by Jeffner Allen. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1990. JFE 90- 6460.

McNeill, John J. The Church and the Homosexual. Updated Ed. Boston: Beacon Press, 1988. JLD 88-3876. Appendices contain discussions of textual revision, AIDS, and the publishing history of this book.

Nice Jewish Girls: A Lesbian Anthology, edited by Evelyn T. Beck. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989. *PYI 90-363.

Perry, Troy. The Lord is My Shepherd and He Knows I'm Gay, written with Charles L. Lucas. Los Angeles: Nash Pub., 1972. JLD 73-98 and MSS DIV\IGIC\BIO\P13a. The life of the founder of the Metropolitan Community Churches, a denomination with a specific ministry to gay men and lesbians.

Twice Blessed: On Being Lesbian, Gay and Jewish, edited by Christie Balka and Andy Rose. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989. *PBT 90-185.

Film Studies

De Lauretis, Teresa. Technologies of Gender: Essays on Theory, Film, and Fiction. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987. JFE 88-304.

Dyer, Richard. Images: Essays on Representations. London and New York: Routledge, 1993. MFL 93-10659.

Dyer, Richard. Now You See It: Studies on Lesbian and Gay Film. London and New York: Routledge, 1990. MFL 91-2643.

Gays and Film, edited by Richard Dyer. Rev. ed. New York: New York Zoetrope, 1984. MFL 86-522.

How Do I Look?: Queer Film and Video. Seattle: Bay Press, 1991. MFL 92-19432.

Queer Looks: Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Film and Video, edited by Martha Gever, Pratibha Parmar, and John Greyson. New York: Routledge, 1993. JFE 93-12705.

Russo, Vito. The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies. New York: Harper and Row, 1981. MFL 81-1764.

Weiss, Andrea. Vampires and Violets: Lesbians in Film. New York: Penguin, 1993. JFE 94-1900.

Periodicals

The Library has representative holdings of gay and lesbian periodicals both past and current. Apart from the bibliographies and checklists noted above, Magazines for Libraries (7th Ed., 1992, Pub. Cat. 93-230) offers annotated entries for many currently published serials. Malinowsky's International Directory of Gay and Lesbian Periodicals and Miller's Our Own Voices (see Directories and Indexes) are best employed as retrospective sources.

The International Gay Information Center's [IGIC's] Checklist of Periodicals (Pub. Cat. 92-19166) should be consulted for those titles not yet cataloged. Titles included in this list are maintained by the Manuscripts and Archives Division and are accessible through the Special Collections Office. Since some of these titles may be duplicated in other divisions of the Library, please check the catalog.

A comprehensive index to gay and lesbian periodicals does not currently exist. (The creation of one would enhance every aspect of gay and lesbian research and would lend further support to the discipline as a scholarly pursuit.)

An overview of serial titles can be obtained through CATNYP with the keyword searches gay periodicals and lesbian periodicals. Using these keywords results in the greatest number of citations. Older titles which began before 1972 (e.g. One and The Ladder) may also be found on CATNYP.

The following statement from The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 1993), pages 653-654, is valuable for its analysis of the current state of periodical literature in gay and lesbian studies:

GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies provides wide coverage of the field. The Journal of Homosexuality is especially strong in the quantitative social sciences, though it also carries articles in other areas including literary criticism. Journal of the History of Sexuality publishes regularly in lesbian/gay history. differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies is another periodical well worth following; it is home to much work in queer theory. Genders carries a wide range of lesbian/gay studies articles-in history, literary criticism, cultural studies, and art history. Hypatia and Lesbian Ethics carry philosophy. Signs, Feminist Review, and Feminist Studies all include current scholarship on lesbianism, done from many different disciplinary perspectives. Radical America, Socialist Review, Radical History Review, Radical Teacher, and Social Text all carry some lesbian/gay studies work, particularly work that is politically inflected. Camera Obscura, Discourse, and Jump Cut carry some lesbian/gay studies work on film and popular culture, while Raritan, ELH: A Journal of English Literary History, Representations, Critical Inquiry, and Yale Journal of Criticism carry some in literary criticism. The Lesbian and Gay Studies Newsletter provides networking news for students and teachers, and reviews of books. It also provides, in every issue, a list of the various discipline-specific bulletins in lesbian/gay studies (such as the Association of Lesbian/Gay Psychologists Newsletter and G&L Caucus News of the College Art Association), and of the bulletins produced by specific centers for lesbian/gay studies (such as Center/Fold: Toronto Centre for Lesbian & Gay Studies Newsletter and Homologie Documentatiecentrum Homostudies, University of Amsterdam), along with information on how to subscribe to them.

There are other periodicals which are relatively less academic and professional, relatively more community-based and popular. These include the women's journals Conditions, Sinister Wisdom, Heresies, Frontiers, Off Our Backs, and Sojourner; the black gay journal Other Countries; and Out/Look, Christopher Street, The Guide, Magnus, QW, and The Advocate. All make contributions to lesbian/gay studies. So do community newspapers, such as Angels (Vancouver), The Bay Area Reporter (San Francisco), Capital Gay (London), The Blade (Washington, D.C.), Gai Pied Hebdo (Paris), Bay Windows (Boston), Rites (Toronto), and Windy City Times (Chicago).

Selected Internet Sites

Archives and Collections | Arts, Literature, and Culture | E-Journals & Online Newspapers | Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation | General Resources | History | Law | Organizations | Organizations, Professional | Religion | Syllabi

Archives and Collections

Archives gaies du Quebec
http://www.agq.qc.ca/
Provides all types of documents (manuscripts, printed materials, visual, audio, and others) on the gay and lesbian community in Quebec, Canada. English and French versions available.

Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives
http://www.clga.ca/
For over 25 years, CLGA has collected and maintained information related to gay and lesbian life in Canada, including material on people, organizations, issues and events.

Gender and Sexuality
http://eserver.org/gender/
Texts which address gender studies and queer studies, with a particular focus on discussions of sex, gender, sexual identity, and sexuality in cultural practices.

Guide to Gay and LEsbian REsources: A Classified Bibliography Based Upon the Collections of the University of Chicago Library
http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/su/gaylesb/glguide.html
This online bibliography "identifies and classifies over 4500 monographs and serials in the University of Chicago Library collections that deal primarily with gay and lesbian themes."

James C. Hormel Gay and Lesbian Center
http://sfpl4.sfpl.org/webroot/librarylocations/main/glc.htm
"The Gay and Lesbian Center is a research center devoted to the documentation of lesbian and gay history and culture by collecting, preserving and providing access to material on all aspects of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered experience." The center is a part of the San Francisco Public Library.

Lesbian Herstory Archives
http://www.datalounge.net/network/pages/lha/welc.htm
The Lesbian Herstory Archives of New York City, the largest and oldest Lesbian archive in the world, began in 1973.

Arts, Literature, and Culture

Gay History and Literature
http://www.infopt.demon.co.uk/gayhist.htm
Essays by Rictor Norton which cover The Queer Canon, The Homosexual Pastoral Tradition, Queer Culture, The Great Queens of History, A History of Homoerotica, and A History of Homophobia.

gltbq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian. Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture
http://www.glbtq.com/
Searchable and browsable encyclopedia. Entries include bibliographies, citation information, and related links.

Lambada Literary Foundation
http://www.lambdalit.org/
"It is the mission of the Lambada Literary Foundation to support and further the creation and dissemination of writings by, for, and about the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender community."

PopcornQ Movies
http://www.planetout.com/pno/popcornq/
PlanetOut presents a searchable and browsable list of queer films.

Queer Arts Resource
http://www.queer-arts.org/
"Queer Arts Resource is a not-for-profit educational forum for the display and discussion of queer art and culture."

Reclaiming History
http://www.uic.edu/depts/quic/history/reclaiming_history.html
Biographies which celebrate the lives of gay and lesbian artists.

Russian Gay Culture
http://community.middlebury.edu/~moss/RGC.html
Overviews of Russian gay literature, history, and films.

Women in the Sahdows: Lesbian Pulp Fiction Collection
http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/women/pulp.html
Chronicles classic lesbian pulp fiction of the 1950s and early 1960s. From the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture at Duke University.

E-Journals & Online Newspapers

Advocate
http://www.advocate.com
"The award-winning national gay and lesbian newsmagazine Web site."

Blithe House Quarterly
http://www.blithe.com/
A site for gay short fiction.

Genders
http://www.genders.org/
Innovative works in the arts, humanities, and in social theory. From the University of Colorado.

GLQ: Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/glq/index.html
A new interdisciplinary journal that promises to bring a queer perspective to issues of sex and sexuality.

International Gay & Lesbian Review
http://www.usc.edu/isd/archives/oneigla/onepress/index.html
Abstracts and reviews of materials relating to LGBT Studies.

National Journal of Sexual Orientation Law
http://www.ibiblio.org/gaylaw/
Focus is on legal issues affecting lesbians, gay men and bisexuals. Current through 1998.

Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation

Sexual Orientation: Science, Education, and Policy
http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/index.html
"This site features work by Dr. Gregory Herek, an internationally recognized authority on sexualprejudice (also called homophobia), hate crimes, and AIDS stigma. It provides factual information to promote the use of scientific knowledge for education and enlightened public policy related to sexual orientation and HIV/AIDS." Also available in French.

General Resources

Collection of Lesbian Herstory Sites
http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~gsiesing/ala/herstorysites.html
Provides links to more than 40 sites. Primary focus is on North American resources, although links to several international sites are included.

Domestic Partner Information
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/scotts/domestic-partners/mainpage.html
From Carnegie Mellon University.

Gay and Lesbian Studies: a Research Guide
http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/grd/resguides/gay.html
Annotated bibliography from the Research Libraries of the New York Public Library.

Knitting Circle
http://www.sbu.ac.uk/~stafflag/index.html
Resources on lesbian and gay issues. Topics include art, biography, film, government, history, law, literature, music, poetry, psychology, science, sociology, sports, etc. Produced by the Lesbian and Gay Staff Association, South Bank University, London.

Lesbian.com
http://lesbian.com/
International web resource for lesbian, includes links to sites on activism, arts, business, health, media, politics, sports, and other areas. "Providing a comprehensive reference to lesbian information on the web is a goal we have nurtured since October of 1999."

Library Q: The Library Worker's Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Resources
http://library.auraria.edu/libq/index.html
Library Q: The Library Worker's Guide to Resources for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Users is specifically developed as an aid to librarians working in the area of LBGT librarianship." . . . "Emulating the organization of a traditional bricks and mortar library, this virtual library contains resources oriented to both public and technical services, including directories, bibliographies, checklists, and other resources compiled by Library Q staff as well as annotated links to a myriad of other resources developed by other library workers, bibliophiles, and knowledgeable people."

Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays
http://www.pflag.org
PFLAG is the national advocacy and support organization for family members and friends of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered persons.

Queer Resources Directory
http://www.qrd.org/qrd/
"The Queer Resources Directory contains 25488 files about everything queer." Arranged by subject.

QueerTheory.com
http://www.queertheory.com/
"QueerTheory.com provides you with the best online resources integrated with the best visual and textual resources in Queer Culture, Queer Theory, Queer Studies, Gender Studies and related fields."

radfae.org: A Web Site for Radical Faerie Information
http://www.radfae.org/
"This radfae.org web site exists to pull together Radical Faerie information: links to resources and web pages, news, information,and pointers to other faerie lists." The group defines itself as generally tending "to be Gay men who look for a spiritual dimension to our sexuality; many of us are healers of one kind or another. Our shared values include feminism, respect for the Earth, and individual responsiblity rather than hierarchy." Many of us are Pagan (nature-based religion).

Stonewall and Beyond
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/sw25/
"The online edition of a Columbia University Libraries exhibition held from May 25 to September 17, 1994 in conjunction with the international celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Stonewall Riots."

Stonewall Center at UMass Amherst
http://www.umass.edu/stonewall/
Established in 1984, this educational resource center's site offers information on "cultural and educational programming, video, audio, and text library holdings, educational resources, information and referral, harassment and discrimination responses, advocacy, training and support, and community outreach."

TransBiblio: A Bibliography of Print, AV, and Online Resources Pertaining to Transgendered Persons and Transgender Issues
http://gateway.library.uiuc.edu/LIBRARY/CIRC/Transgender_Bibliography/transbibliocontents.htm
Browsable bibliography has listings by subject and by material type.

History

Bibliography of Queer History
http://www.infopt.demon.co.uk/bibhist.htm
Bibliographies arranged by time, geographic region, or discipline.

gayhistory.com
http://www.gayhistory.com/
This site provides "an introduction to the stories and the people of modern gay history (1700-1973). The site is an ongoing project and most articles about gay male history from 1700-1900 have been completed."

GLBT Historical Society
http://www.glbthistory.org/
"The mission of the GLBT Historical Society is to collect, preserve, exhibit, and otherwise make available to the public historical, cultural, and artistic materials related to gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender communities, identities, and practices, as well as of other sexual minorities."

Homosexuality in Early Modern Europe
http://www.uwm.edu/People/jmerrick/hbib.htm
Bibliography arranged by country and subject.

Homosexuality in Eighteenth Century England
http://www.infopt.demon.co.uk/eighteen.htm
An overview essay and a number of primary documents.

Isle of Lesbos
http://www.sappho.com/about.html
This site "is intended to serve as a place of art and culture for women-oriented women, offering a historical glimpse into lesbian lives and vintage views of affection between women." Online since Fall 1995.

Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals, 1933-1945
http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/
Online exhibit from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

People With a History
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/
This site "presents the history of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgendered people [=LGBT]. It includes hundreds of original texts, discussions, and [soon] images, and addresses LGBT history in all periods, and in all regions of the world."

Law

Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund
http://www.lambdalegal.org/cgi-bin/iowa/index.html
A national organization committed to achieving full recognition of the civil rights of lesbians, gay men, and people with HIV/AIDS through impact litigation, education, and public policy work.

Lesbian/Gay Law Notes
http://www.le-gal.org/lesbian&.htm
Journal tracks significant new legislation, reports on new court decisions, administrative rulings, and executive actions, and highlights new publications of interest. A publication of the Lesbian and Gay Law Association of Greater New York.

Organizations

ACT UP
http://www.actupny.org/
The Aids Coalition to Unleash Power " is a diverse, non-partisan group of individuals united in anger and committed to direct action to end the AIDS crisis."

Bisexual Resource Center
http://www.biresource.org
This nonprofit, educational organization's site "makes available a number of. . . publications, as well as other resources about bisexuality and/or bisexuals. In conjunction with commercial distributors, we also provide virtual storefronts to provide convenient access to bi-related books, videos, and recordings." Includes an essay by Liz Highleyman titled "A Brief History of the Bisexual Movement."

Center for the Study of Sexual Minorities in the Military (CSSMM)
http://www.gaymilitary.ucsb.edu/
"The Center promotes the interdisciplinary analysis of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and other marginalized sexual identities in the armed forces." Includes scholarly articles, teaching and research resources, program calendar, and newsletter.

Frameline
http://www.frameline.org/
Frameline is an organization whose "mission is to support, develop, and promote lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer visibility through media arts. Through a variety of programs and activities,Frameline provides access to films and videos dealing with a wide variety of issues related to sexuality and gender. Each year Frameline presents the San Francisco International Lesbian & Gay Film Festival,the world's oldest and largest event of its kind."

Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation
http://www.glaad.org/
"The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) is dedicated to promoting and ensuring fair, accurate and inclusive representation of individuals and events in all media as a means of eliminating homophobia and discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation."

Gay and Lesbian National Hotline
http://www.glnh.org
"The Gay & Lesbian National Hotline is a non-profit, tax-exempt organization dedicated to meeting the needs of the gay and lesbian community by offering free and totally anonymous information, referrals and peer-counseling."

Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network
http://www.glsen.org/
The Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network "is the leading organization fighting to end anti-gay bias in K-12 schools."

Human Rights Campaign
http://www.hrc.org/
"The Human Rights Campaign works on behalf of more than 500,000 diverse members to ensure equality for the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender community."

National Gay and Lesbian Task Force
http://www.ngltf.org/
The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force "is the national progressive organization working for the civil rights of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered people, with the vision and commitment to building a powerful political movement."

Organizations, Professional

Association of Lesbian and Gay Psychiatrists
http://www.aglp.org/

Gay and Lesbian Medical Association [USA]
http://www.glma.org/

Society of Lesbian and Gay Anthropologists
http://www.usc.edu/isd/archives/iglr/solga/main.html
"The Society of Lesbian and Gay Anthropologists (SOLGA) of the American Anthropological Association was founded in 1988. SOLGA promotes communication, encourages research, develops teaching materials, and serves the interests of gay and lesbian anthropologists within the association."

Religion

Affirmation: Gay and Lesbian Mormons
http://www.affirmation.org/
"With chapters around the world, Affirmation serves the needs of gays, lesbians, bisexual LDS and their supportive family and friends through social and educational activities."

Dignity/USA
http://dignityusa.org/
"The United States' largest and most progressive organization of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender Catholics."

Syllabi

CLAGS Syllabi
http://web.gsuc.cuny.edu/clags/index.html
The Center for Lesbian & Gay Studies (CUNY) collection of syllabi - across many disciplines. Includes sample courses in Education, Comparative Literature, Political Science and Social Work.

Introduction to Sexuality Studies
http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Topic/Diversity/Specific/Sexual_Orientation/Syllabi/Introduction/
From the University of Maryland's Diversity Database - a sampling of undergraduate syllabi.

Syllabi and Courses
http://www.queertheory.com/academics/syllabi/default.htm
Links to courses around the U.S. From QueerTheory.com.

Transtudies
http://www.angelfire.com/on/transtudies/
Syllabus from one of the first transgendered studies courses -- held at Brown University (1998).

How to Find Hebrew Books

Searching for Hebrew Books without Hebrew Script

Please note these are tips for searching; this is not a cataloging guide.

Much of our Hebraic language collection is now available in the computer catalog and it is now possible to search in Hebrew script. If your computer is Hebrew enabled, please click here. If not, it is possible to search for an item written in Hebrew characters by following some of the rules catalogers use to enter their records, entering a "romanized" title (i.e. one in "Roman" or "English" script).

ROMANIZATION TABLES

The Library of Congress has special romanization tables which indicate which letters should be used to represent the consonants and vowels in Hebrew/Yiddish.

http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/hebrew.pdf

Please note that when searching the catalog no character is required to represent the aleph and ayin. Just enter the accompanying vowel. Neither should the dots below the Roman script letters be entered (i.e on the vav, het, tet and kof) nor the line above the s for the sin.

In Hebrew only romanize yod as  y  when it is followed by a vowel. (Note that we romanize Daniyel not Daniel)

HEBREW PREFIXES

When romanized, Hebrew prefixes are almost always separated by a hyphen from the word to which they are joined i.e. not haarets BUT ha-arets.

With this in mind:

1)      The definite article ha- at the beginning of a title should not be entered in a search.         

2)   In almost all other instances the definite article is romanized as ha-  

3)   The prefix vav  is romanized  ve-       before any consonant except :

before a bet, vav, mem or peh = u-     e.g  u-vet or u-foalav 

before any initial letter with a sheva = u-      e.g  u-khetav

before a consonant with hataf-patah or hataf kamats = va- e.g. va-avodah

before a yod with a sheva = vi-      BUT  Library of Congress rules require the  sheva that should have assimilated remain, i.e. Vi-Yerushalayim  not   vi-yrushalayim.

The prefixes be- , ke- and le- behave as above. If they include the definite article then they will be romanized ba-, la-, etc.

MORE ON HYPHENATION

The case of Levi and Kohen : when  romanizing as family name do not use a hyphen i.e. use Halevi or Hakohen

However when it is a title it should be ha-Levi or ha-Kohen.

It is also important to note the following romanizations Be-reshit & Va-yikra.

"Little words" where hyphenation is dependent on their appearance in the dictionary will rarely appear in the title phrase you wish to search and will not be dealt with here.

THE SHEVA

The sheva nah (non-vocal sheva) is ignored. The Alcalay dictionary is a useful aid in the  identification of  this sheva—he did not transcribe it.

The sheva at the beginning of a Hebrew word (sheva na or vocal sheva) is romanized e i.e. teshuvah not tshuvah.

However, in some cases the sheva na is not romanized. One of the most common instances in a title is the construct form of toladot which is rendered  toldot (not toledot) as in Toldot Yaakov.

ABBREVIATIONS

The Princeton University library Hebrew cataloging guide  provides an extensive list of romanized abbreviations [http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/katmandu/hebrew/open.html]

 and some examples of Hebrew words which may present difficulties
[http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/katmandu/hebrew/roman/errors.html]

If you still can't find the book and it was published prior to 1975 you may need to consult our book catalog. For books published later than 1975 consult a librarian.

This guide was based on the Library of Congress website, the Princeton University Library website, Hebraica Cataloging  (Paul Maher 1987) and on mentoring provided over the years by Rabbi Cliff Miller (Jewish Theological Seminary) and Roberta Saltzman (The New York Public Library).

Guide prepared by Anne-Marie Belinfante, Dorot Jewish Division, The New York Public Library

In Bad Company: Science Writers Who Have Been Censored (PDF)

A short list of seminal scientific books that at one time or another have been banned.

Industry Surveys *

The following industry surveys are available from the Business Source Premier database to users in the library. (Also available to users remotely with a New York Public Library borrower's card.)

Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

AC Drives
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ACCOUNTANCY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ADVERTISING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
Agricultural Chemicals Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

AIR FRESHENERS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

AIR TRANSPORT/AVIATION
Air Transportation Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

AIRCRAFT SUPPLIES INDUSTRY
Aircraft and Parts Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

AIRLINES
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

ALCOHOLIC SOFT DRINKS
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

ALUMINUM
Datamonitor Industry Survey in Business Source Premier

ALUMINUM INDUSTRY AND TRADE
Aluminum Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

ANALGESICS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

APPAREL
Apparel Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

APPAREL & ACCESSORIES RETAIL
Apparel & Accessories Stores Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

APPAREL & TEXTILES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

APPLIANCE AND TOOL
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

ASPs
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ASPs IN BANKING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ASPs IN FINANCIAL SERVICES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ASPS IN INSURANCE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

AUDIO AND VIDEO EQUIPMENT
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

AUTO AND TRUCK MANUFACTURING
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

AUTO AND TRUCK PARTS
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

AUTO DEALERS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

AUTOGENERATION
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

AUTOMOTIVE DIY PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE REPAIR
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

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B

BANKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BATH AND SHOWER PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BEER
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BIOTECHNOLOGY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BISCUITS
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

BOAT AND SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR
Boat and Shipbuilding and Repair Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

BONE CEMENT
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BONE GRAFT SUBSTITUTES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BOOK PUBLISHING SIC 2731
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BOTTLED WATER
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BREAD AND ROLLS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BREAKFAST CEREALS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BROADCASTING & CABLE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BROADWOVEN FABRICS AND OTHER TEXTILES
Broadwoven Fabrics & Other Textiles Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

BUILDING MATERIALS
Building Materials Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

BUILDING PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SOFTWARE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

BUSINESS SERVICES, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 7389
Business Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

C

CAKES AND PASTRIES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CALL CENTERS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CANCER DRUGS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CAPITAL EQUIPMENT PURCHASING AND LEASING
Capital Equipment Purchasing and Leasing Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

CAR RENTAL
Datamonitor Industry  Profiles in Business Source Premiere

CARBONATED SOFT DRINKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CARDIOVASCULAR MRI SCANNING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CARPETS AND RUGS SIC 2273
Carpets and Rugs Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

CATALOG AND MAIL-ORDER SHOPPING
Catalog and Mail Order Houses Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

CHEESE
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PRODUCTION
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

CHEMICALS
Chemicals and Allied Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CHEMICALS - PLASTICS AND RUBBER
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

CHILLED DESSERTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CHOCOLATE CONFECTIONARY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CNS DRUGS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

COAL
Coal Mining Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

COLLECTIBLES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

COLORANTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

COMMERCIAL BANKING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE & PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 3669
Communication Equipment Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

COMPUTER EQUIPMENT
Computer Equipment Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

COMPUTER HARDWARE
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND NETWORKING
Computer Software and Networking Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

COMPUTER STORAGE DEVICES SIC 3572
Computer Storage Devices Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

COMPUTERS AND OFFICE MACHINES
Computers and Office Machines Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

CONCENTRATED MILK
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CONFECTIONERY SIC 5145
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CONGLOMORATES
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

CONSTRUCTION
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CONSTRUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CONSTRUCTION AND FARM MACHINERY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CONSTRUCTION - RAW MATERIALS
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

CONSTRUCTION - SUPPLIES AND FIXTURES
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

COPPER INDUSTRY AND TRADE
Copper Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

CORN SIC 115
Corn Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

COSTUME JEWELRY
Costume Jewelry Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

COTTON SIC 131
Cotton Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

COUGH AND COLD REMEDIES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CREDIT AND CHARGE CARDS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

CRUDE PETROLEUM
Crude Petroleum Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

D

DAIRY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

DEODORANTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

DEPARTMENT STORES SIC 5311
Department Stores Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

DIGESTIVE REMEDIES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

DIY PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL GAS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

DRINKS RETAILING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

DRUG DELIVERY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

DRUGS, SOAPS, AND TOILETRIES
Drugs, Soaps, and Toilet Preps Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

DRUGSTORES
Drug Stores Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

E

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Educational Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

eMARKETING SOFTWARE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ENERGY AND SPORTS DRINKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ENERGY EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ENGINEERING, ACCOUNTING, RESEARCH, AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Engineering, Accounting, Research, & Management Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES
Environmental Technologies and Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

eTAILING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

EYE MAKE-UP
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

F

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, EXCEPT MACHINERY/TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Fabricated Metal Products Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

FABRICATED PLASTICS AND RUBBER
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

FACE MAKE-UP
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

FACIAL CARE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

FARM AND GARDEN MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT SIC 5083
Farm and Garden Machinery Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

FATS AND SPREADS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

FEMALE FRAGRANCES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

FIXED-LINE TELECOMS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
Food and Kindred Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

FOOD RETAIL
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

FOOD STORES
Food Stores Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

FOOTWEAR
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

FORESTRY AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

FRAGRANCES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

FUEL RETAILING
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

FUNCTIONAL DRINKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 2599
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

FURNITURE/HOME FURNISHINGS
Furniture Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

FURNITURE STORES SIC 5712
Furniture Stores Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

G

GAMES CONSOLES
Datamonitor Industry Survey in Business Source Premier

GAS UTILITIES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

GASOLINE SERVICE STATIONS
Gasoline Service Stations Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 3569
General Industrial Machinery Yearbook in Business Source Premier

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
General Merchandise Stores Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

GENERICS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

GOLD AND SILVER
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

GUM CONFECTIONERY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

H

HAIRCARE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HAND & BODY CARE
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

HEALTHCARE EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

HEALTH SERVICES
Health Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

HEART VALVES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HEAVY DUTY AFTERMARKET
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HIP IMPLANTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HIP ORTHOPEDICS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HOME APPLIANCE MANUFACTURERS
Home Appliance Manufacturers Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

HOME APPLIANCE RETAILERS
Home Appliance Retailers Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

HOME FURNISHINGS SIC 5023
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HOMEBUILDING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HOT DRINKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 3639
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

HYDRAULIC CEMENT
Hydraulic Cement Industry in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

I

ICE CREAM
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

IMPORTED TRUCKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Industrial Chemicals Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
Construction, Mining & Material Handling Equipment Industry in Business Source Premier

INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 2819
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY NEC
Industrial Machinery NEC Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 2869
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INHALED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INJECTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INSECTICIDES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Instruments and Related Products Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

INSURANCE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INSURANCE SERVICES
Insurance Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

INTELLIGENT RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (IRM)
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 3519
Internal Combustion Engine Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

INTERNET ACCESS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INTERNET SECURITY PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

INTERNET USAGE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

IRON AND STEEL
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

IRON ORES SIC 1011
Iron Ore Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

ISP
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

IT EXPENDITURE IN FINANCIAL MARKETS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

iTV GAMING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

J

JEWELRY AND SILVERWARE
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

JUICES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

K

KITCHEN APPLIANCES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

KNEE IMPLANTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

KNITTING MILL PRODUCTS
Knitting Mill Products Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

L

LEAD
Lead Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

LEGAL SERVICES SIC 8111
Legal Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

LIFE INSURANCE AND PENSIONS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

LIGHT TRUCKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

LIGHT VEHICLES
Light Vehicles Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

LIP MAKE-UP
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

LIQUEURS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

LIQUID MILK
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY
Livestock Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS EXCEPT FURNITURE
Lumber and Wood Products Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

M

MAIL-ORDER AND HOME SHOPPING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MAKE-UP
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MALE FRAGRANCES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING CONSULTANCY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MARKET RESEARCH
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MAXILLOFACIAL IMPLANTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

mCOMMERCE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

mCONTENT
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MEAT PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MEDIA
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MEDIUM AND HEAVY TRUCKS
Medium and Heavy Trucks Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MENSWEAR
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

METAL MINING SERVICES SIC 1081
Metal Mining Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

METALS & MINING (DIV.)
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

METALWORKING MACHINERY, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 3549
Metalworking Machinery Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

MILK
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

MISCELLANEOUS CAPITAL GOODS
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED PRODUCTS
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

MOBILE DEVICES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MOBILE HOMES AND RVS
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

MOBILE PHONES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MORNING GOODS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTION & DISTRIBUTION
Motion Picture Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

MOTOR INSURANCE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MOTOR VEHICLE
Motor Vehicles & Parts Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES

Motor Vehicle Parts Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURERS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

MUTUAL FUNDS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

N

NAIL MAKE-UP
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

NATURAL GAS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier
Natural Gas Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

NETWORK SECURITY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

NETWORKING EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY PROFILE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

NEUROLOGICAL THERAPEUTIC DEVICES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

NEW AGE BEVERAGES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

NEWSPAPERS
Newspapers Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

NON-LIFE INSURANCE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

NONMETALLIC MINERAL MINING AND QUARRYING
Nonmetallic Minerals Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

NONMETALLIC MINING
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

NONRESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION
Nonresidential Construction Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

NUTRACEUTICALS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

O

OFFICE SERVICES  & SUPPLIES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

OIL AND GAS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ONLINE FOOD AND BEVERAGE RETAIL
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ONLINE GAMBLING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ONLINE GAMING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ORGANIC FOOD
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ORTHOPEDICS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

OUTDOOR INDUSTRY RETAIL
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

[ Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]

P

PACKAGED FOODS & MEATS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PAGERS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PAINT AND BODY EQUIPMENT AFTERMARKET
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PAINTS AND COATINGS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

PAPER MILLS SIC 2621
Paper Mills Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

PAPER PACKAGING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PAPERBOARD INDUSTRY
Converted Paper and Paperboard Products Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

PAPERBOARD MILLS SIC 2631
Paperboard Mills Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

PASSIVE COMPONENTS
Passive Components Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

PCs
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PETROLEUM REFINING SIC 2911
Petroleum Refining Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

PHARMACEUTICALS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PHOTOGRAPHY
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

PLASTICS MATERIALS AND RESINS
Plastic Materials Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

POPCORN
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

POTATO CHIPS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

POULTRY AND DAIRY
Poultry and Dairy Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

POWDERED MILK
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS SIC 3672
Printed Circuit Boards Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Printing and Publishing Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

PRIVATE BANKING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

PRIVATE HOUSING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PROCESSED CHEESE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PROFESSIONAL HAIRCARE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

PUBLISHING
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

PULP MILLS SIC 2611
Pulp Mills Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

PURCHASING CARDS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

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Q
R

RADIO
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Railroad Transportation Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT SIC 3743
Railroad Equipment Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

REAL ESTATE SERVICES
Real Estate Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

RECORDED DVD AND VIDEO
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

RECREATIONAL PRODUCTS
Yahoo!Finance Industry Center

REFRIGERATION, HEATING AND SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINERY
Refrigeration, Heating and Service Industry Machinery Yearbook in Business Source Premier

REPLACEMENT TRUCK TIRES
Datamonitor Industry Survey in Business Source Premier

RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION
Residential Construction Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

RESPIRATORY DRUGS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

RETAIL BANKING
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

RETAIL SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

RICE SIC 112
Rice Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

ROAD & RAIL
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

RTD TEA & COFFEE
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

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S

SAVORY BISCUITS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SAVORY SNACKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SEARCH AND NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT
Search and Navigation Equipment Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

SEMICONDUCTOR EQUIPMENT
Semiconductors & Related Devices Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

SERVICE STATIONS
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

SHOULDER JOINTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SKINCARE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SMART CARDS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SNACK NUTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SNACKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SOAP
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SOAP AND OTHER DETERGENTS, EXCEPT SPECIALTY CLEANERS SIC 2841
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SOCIAL AND MEMBERSHIP SERVICES
Social & Membership Services Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

SOFT DRINKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SOFTWARE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SOYBEANS SIC 116
Soybeans Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 3559
Special Industrial Machinery Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

SPINAL IMPLANTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SPIRITS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SPORTS CARS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SPORTS EQUIPMENT
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

STATIONERY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

STEEL
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier
Steel Works Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

SUGAR CONFECTIONERY
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SWEET BISCUITS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

SWEETS & DESSERTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

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T

TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Telecommunications Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

TEXTILE WASHING PRODUCTS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

TOBACCO SIC 132
Tobacco Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

TOOL AND EQUIPMENT AFTERMARKET
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

TOYS & GAMES
Datamonitor Industry Profile in Business Source Premier

TOYS AND SPORTING GOODS
Dolls, Toys and Games Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

TRANSMUCOSAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

TRAUMA
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

TRUCK LEASING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

TRUCK RENTAL
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

TRUCK TRAILERS SIC 3715
Truck Trailers Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

TRUCKING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier
Truck Transportation Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

TRUCKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

TURBINES AND GENERATOR SETS
Turbine and Generator Sets Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

TV AND VIDEO
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

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U

USED CARS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

UTILITIES
Electric and Gas Utilities Yearbook in Business Source Premier
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

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V

VACCINES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

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W

WATER TRANSPORTATION
Water Transportation Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

WATER UTILITIES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

Wheat Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

WHOLESALE TRADE
Whole Sale Trade Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

WINE
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

WIRELESS ADVERTISING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

WIRELESS GAMING
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

WOUND MANAGEMENT
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

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X Y Z

YOGURT
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

YOUNG ADULT DRINKS
Datamonitor Industry Profiles in Business Source Premier

ZINC
Zinc Industry Yearbook in Business Source Premier

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International Trade

New York City is undoubtedly one of the most important centers of international trade in the world. Every day, all kinds of consumer goods, commodities and financial instruments are traded by New York City companies. Statistics on this activity are available in the International Trade chapter of NYCdata compiled by the Weissman Center for International Business, Zicklin School of Business at Baruch College. In order to succeed in this complex arena of business, one must be well informed and prepared for many situations. The Science, Industry and Business Library (SIBL) either has or can bring one into contact with the resources and programs which one needs to research potential international business opportunities. These resources include:

• guides providing basic information about exporting and importing
• business directories from around the world and the United States
• current periodicals covering business and industry in specific countries, trends in specific industries, and issues in international trade in general
• trade statistics issued by the United States, many foreign countries and non-governmental organizations such as the United Nations and OECD
• the Globus & NTDB international trade database produced and maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce
• U.S. and New York City government sponsored export promotion programs

World Trade Week NYC 2012 has been expanded to two weeks this year. Please regularly check the calendar of events by clicking on the image above for the latest offering of informative programs and events to help you and your business succeed in the international trade arena.

They can be categorized into a number of areas such as general background information, market research and country information, regulations, business leads and contacts, shipping and logistics, and finance. On the following pages you will find such resources arranged by topic to help you answer many of the frequently asked questions in the field of international business. These guides are not exhaustive, so please visit the Science, Industry and Business Library for further assistance in finding the information you need.

For the latest trade news try the following sites:

Commercial News USA (Also available in Español/Spanish and in Chinese)

Export America

Exporter Magazine

Export.gov Newsletter

Journal of Commerce

U.S. Department of Commerce Globus & NTDB

U.S. International Trade Administration

World Trade Magazine

International Trade Basics

If you are contemplating starting an international business venture, for instance, by exporting or importing a product or service, you may want to read some general works discussing the potential profits and pitfalls of conducting international business. SIBL holds a number of basic guides and handbooks.  These include:

Building an Import/Export Business
*R-SIBL HF1416.W43

How to Start an Import/Export Business: Your Step-By-Step Guide to Success
*R-SIBL HF1416.A3

Import/Export: How to Get Started in International Trade
*R-SIBL HF1416.N45

International Marketing
*R-SIBL HF1416.C375

A Short Course in International Marketing: Approaching and Penetrating the Global Marketplace
*R-SIBL HF1416.C87

Doing Business in Emerging Markets: Entry and Negotiation Strategies
JBE 02-2285

International Business Partnership: Issues and Concerns
JBD 01-211

To find other similar titles in the library’s collection, either browse the reference shelves in *R-SIBL HF1416 or search the following subject headings in the online catalog:

• Export marketing
• International trade
• International business enterprises

On the web, the following sites discuss issues involved in exporting:

• A Basic Guide to Exporting (Co-produced by the U.S. Department of Commerce and Unz & Co.)
• www.export.gov - The official U.S. government export portal includes a section, “Exporting Basics Life Cycle” outlining the steps involved in exporting your product or service.
• SBA Guide to Exporting
• U.S. Chamber of Commerce and American International Group’s International Exposures
• Global Trade Tutorial

Foreign Market Research and Trade Statistics

In order to sell a product or service, there must, of course, be people who want to buy it. Market research will help you determine how likely you are to find buyers for your product or service. Market research can help you find the largest or fastest growing markets for your product or service, and market trends, outlook, and practices in a particular place. Refer to the Marketing Your Business section of SIBL's Business Owner's Manual for more information on how to effectively research and analyze your prospective market.

Market Research Resources

Market research data on U.S. markets is often difficult to find; market research reports are expensive, and most often not available in a public library. Foreign market data is even harder to come by. Several of the electronic resources at SIBL can help:

• Globus & NTDB (Section of STAT-USA)
  Maintained and updated daily by the U.S. Department of Commerce, this database is a unique and invaluable source of marketing information covering many industries in many foreign countries, with often extensive reports compiled by U.S. embassies, consulates, information and foreign trade offices. Much of this information is current, detailed and not readily available elsewhere.
• Export.gov Directory of Market Research Reports Many of the same reports found in Globus & NTDB accessible from home or office. Requires free user registration.
• Market Research Monitor
  Offers detailed market research reports for many markets in many countries. Though sometimes dated, such reports are generally not available elsewhere.

• MarketResearch.com Academic
  Online access to over 500 market research reports. Full reports included are a few years behind, however, summaries and data are provided for recent reports that are available for purchase.
• Factiva (formerly Dow Jones Interactive)
  Searchable full-text and abstracting resource provides global content, including Dow Jones and Reuters newswires and The Wall Street Journal. Includes multilingual content covering 8,000 publications from 118 countries in 22 languages. Sources include general business and industry publications, newspapers, trade journals, newswires, company reports, radio and television transcripts, and images.
• Investext Plus
  Offers current investment analyst reports, may of which cover foreign and domestic companies or industries.
• Bloomberg
  Contains a wealth of financial, economic, industry, and investment data, both foreign and domestic.
• Economist Intelligence Unit Country Reports
  Offers quarterly reports about the economic and political situation of almost every country.
• Emerging Markets - Internet Securities
  Offers extensive current news, economic, industry, and financial information on many "emerging market" countries.

The library subscribes to a number of business periodical indexes, which allow you to search for articles in hundreds of business periodicals and trade publications. You may find articles discussing your country, your market, or your industry.

Print resources include the reports issued by the publisher Euromonitor such as the titles Consumer Latin America and Consumer China.

If you do not find the market research information you need in our collection of resources, you can consult Findex, an annual "directory of market research reports, studies and surveys" available for sale produced by market research companies. Most of these reports target a specific market but are generally quite expensive to purchase and are not found in public libraries. If you want to go one step further and conduct your own market research, you can hire a firm to do it for you. Such firms are found in the GreenBook published by the American Marketing Association.

Trade Statistics Resources

In addition to market research reports, export and import trade statistical data of particular products and commodities can yield information about the potential of a target market. Researching the export/import statistics for your product or commodity also provides hard data for use in drafting a business plan if you intend to seek financing from a bank or other source.

The Science, Industry, and Business Library offers access to three electronic databases of export/import statistical information produced by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Bureau of the Census. They are available by reserving a workstation in the Electronic Information Center at SIBL. These databases are:

• USA Trade Online
• U.S. Exports of Merchandise
• U.S. Imports of Merchandise

Export and import commodities are often categorized in these databases by Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) number. These numbers are the most precise way of identifying your product. While it is possible to search for a product by key word, it is often more precise and efficient to use the HTS number. You can find these in print in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (available in the library) and on the Internet from the U.S. International Trade Commission.

• USA Trade Online
  A product of the U.S. Department of Commerce, the detailed statistical data found within this database is current and will help you to determine how much of your product is either being exported from the United States and to where or from where the product is being imported into the United States. Reports can be created based on commodity and time period and can be further limited by foreign country, U.S. port and can be ranked by decreasing value. Reports either can be printed or exported to a spreadsheet.

The FT-900 is the monthly report of the U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services released by the U.S. Census Bureau.  The full report is available in a variety of file formats or can also be accessed by individual chapters, or Individual Exhibits, such as U.S. Services by Major Category-Exports and Exports and Imports of Goods by Principal End-Use Category.  An historical archive of the reports are available back to the early 1990s.  Click on Country/Product Data at the top of the page for other more specific reports.

Among the library's print resources, the Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook (*R-SIBL HF91.I65) published by the International Monetary Fund and the International Trade Statistics Yearbook (*R-SIBL HF91.U473) issued by the United Nations provide import/export statistics of commodities traded among the world's countries.

Some of the library's statistical publications are more specialized in scope such as the FAO Yearbook Trade (*R-SIBL HD9000.4.T7) published by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. It contains export/import data on basic food and agricultural products for all countries and territories of the world.

Country-specific Information and Statistics

Many of the world's most respected publications containing the most current country information are well represented in SIBL's collections. Titles of note include:

• Europa World Yearbook *R-SIBL JN1.E85
• Economist Intelligence Unit Country Reports McGraw Desk
• Economist Intelligence Unit Country Profiles Various call number locations
• OECD Economic Surveys Various call number locations
• World Economic Outlook *R-SIBL HC10.W7979
• International Financial Statistics Yearbook *R-SIBL HG61.I57 McGraw Desk
• World Competitiveness Yearbook *R-SIBL HF1414.W67
• CIA World Factbook *R-SIBL G122.U56
• Country Trade Sourcebook *R-SIBL HF1416.5.C68
• Craighead’s International Business, Travel, and Relocation Guide to … Countries *R-SIBL HF5549.5.E45.D56

SIBL regularly receives in print the official statistical annuals of most countries of the world that may be useful in furthering examining their markets' potential.

• International Statistical Yearbooks

World Wide Web

On the web, the International Trade Data System site maintained by the U.S. Department of the Treasury provides links to many country specific publications issued by various U.S. federal agencies including the CIA World Factbook, the State Department's Background Notes and the Commerce Department's Country Commercial Guides for selected countries. The CIA World Factbook and the Background Notes are directly available from:

• CIA World Factbooks
• U.S. Department of State Background Notes

The Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), a United States federal agency, maintains a page called the Investor's Information Gateway which includes many of the same federal government links above plus others from sources such as the OECD and the World Bank grouped into 20 different categories. OPIC is an agency which focuses on expanding American investment into approximately 150 developing nations. Another U.S. web resource is the Library of Congress site Portals to the World that provides links to a mixed bag of informational websites for most countries including areas such as Antarctica and the Panama Canal.

The GlobalEDGE site maintained by Michigan State University's Center for International Business Education and Research provides links to many excellent sources of country-specific business information.

With documents obtained from the World Bank Group and other foreign investment promotion agencies, the Investment Promotion Network (IPAnet) provides "free access to online foreign investment and privatization resources" which include reports covering country-specific economic conditions, investment-related laws, product markets and industry sectors. In addition, its directories provide contact information to over 30,000 organizations and individuals active in foreign investment.

Many countries make their national statistics available online. Both the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics provide links to the central statistical offices of many countries.

• U.S. Census Bureau
• U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics

Finding Trade Leads and Business Contacts

Once you have decided that there is a market for your product or service, you must then find actual buyers. Methods of identifying buyers include trade shows, trade missions, direct mail campaigns, and advertising. You may eventually need an in-country presence through a representative or distributor. Exporters may eventually need an in-country presence in their foreign market through a representative or distributor. The library can assist you in locating business leads and contacts.

Trade Shows

There are many trade shows, both in the U.S. and abroad, where buyers and sellers can come together to discuss business, and sellers can display their wares. There are organizations on the web that can help you find trade shows, among them the Federation of International Trade Associations, www.tsnn.com and www.expo24-7.com as well as the U.S. Commmercial Service's Export.gov site. In SIBL’s reference collection, the annually published Trade Shows Worldwide (*R-SIBL T394.T723) provides a calendar of future trade and professional congresses.

Trade Leads

• Globus & NTDB – Beginning with January 2005, trade leads are no longer published in this electronic database.
• Export.gov Trade Leads Database - U.S. Government approved foreign business opportunities searchable by country, industry or keyword. Other customer location resources listed on the Export.gov Finding Partners and Trade Leads page.
• FI TA’s Worldbid – The Federation of International Trade Associations’ directory of purchase tenders from worldwide customers.  Requires login to view this database.

Business Contacts

SIBL contains many country- and industry-specific commerce directories that can help to locate business contacts abroad.

• Country-specific directories
• Industry-specific directories

Other print directories in the library’s collection which might be of use are:

• World Business Directory *R-SIBL HF54.U5W667
• Directory of American Firms Operating in Foreign Countries *R-SIBL HF4538.A1D5
• Directory of Foreign Firms Operating in the United States     *R-SIBL HG4057.A21943
• International Business in New York City : Directory                *R-SIBL HG4264.3.Z65.I57
• Directory of United States Exporters *R-SIBL HF3011.U5436
• Directory of United States Importers *R-SIBL HF3012.U54J6
• The International Directory of Importers Various world region editions and call number locations
• The International Directory of Agents, Distributors & Wholesalers *R-SIBL HF5419.I58 McGraw Desk
• American Wholesalers and Distributors Directory *R-SIBL HF5421.G343 McGraw Desk

On the web, the U.S. Trade Information Center’s National Export Directory, available over the Globus & NTDB site, provides links to all sorts of trade support offices in the United States on the federal, state and local levels.  Likewise, the Center’s Foreign Trade Offices Database is a directory of a variety of official trade offices of foreign governments located both in the United States and abroad.

Cross-Cultural Business Communication

The 21st century global marketplace offers many opportunities for international business expansion yet, also come with a variety of intercultural communication challenges that businesspeople must comprehend in order to succeed.

SIBL has a variety of books, journals, and electronic databases that deal with the topics of international business communication and practices as well as current business and economic conditions. These resources offer a foundation of information that will help prepare today’s businessperson for the communication challenges of the multinational business community.

To find books at SIBL on this topic, search the NYPL Catalog under any of the following SUBJECTS: (This is a partial list; there may be related subjects in the catalog)

• Americans-employment-foreign countries-handbooks manuals etc.
• Business communication-cross-cultural studies
• Business etiquette
• Businesspeople-foreign language competency
• Competition, International
• Corporate culture-cross-cultural studies
• Intercultural communication- handbooks, manuals, etc.
• International business enterprises-management-cross-cultural studies
• International business enterprises-personnel management- handbooks, manuals etc.
• International trade-cross-cultural studies
• National characteristics
• Negotiation in business

Below is a representative list of some books on this topic and their locations on the open shelves at SIBL:

• Cross-cultural communication: the essential guide to international business
  *R-SIBL HF5718.C76
• Cross-Cultural Business Behavior: Marketing, Negotiating, Sourcing and Managing Across Cultures
  JBE 03-867
• Doing Business Internationally: the resource for business and social etiquette
  *R-SIBL HF5389.D64
• Dun & Bradstreet's guide to doing business around the world
  *R-SIBL HF1416 .M78
• Global Smarts: the art of communicating and deal making anywhere in the world
  *R-SIBL 5389.H63
• Kiss, bow or shake hands; how to do business in sixty countries
  *R-SIBL HF5389. M67
• Management worldwide: the impact of societal culture on organizations around the globe
  JBD 95-1247

Some of the Business Databases, to which SIBL subscribes, that index full-text articles covering current foreign business topics are:

• Academic Source Premier    
• Business Source Premier
• General Business File
• PAIS
• PROMT

Some phrases to use to find articles in these databases are:

• Cross-Cultural Orientation
• Exchange of Persons Programs
• International Communication              

Examples of articles found in General Business File under the subject of Intercultural Communication:

•  Bridging the culture gap: Sensitivity to Attendees’ languages and learning styles enhances the meeting experience
  Sally J. Walton.  Meetings & Conventions Feb 2002 v.37 i2 p2 p28
• Bridging the Business Cultures.
  Linda Beamer. The China Business Review, May-June 1998 v25 no 3 p54

Project GLOBE, a research study sponsored by the University of Calgary’s Haskayne School of Business, investigated the cultures of many countries to determine how they affect how business is conducted in each country. In September 2003, a summary of the findings of Project GLOBE were presented at Baruch College’s Weissman Center for International Business.  Click here to view the presentation. The full report was published in 2004 with the title, Culture, Leadership and Organizations: the GLOBE Study of Societies.

Executiveplanet.com is a website which provides valuable tips on business etiquette, customs and protocol for doing business worldwide. Guides are co-authored by experts in international business etiquette, who are available to answer your questions on the discussion board.

To find other material on the internet pertaining to intercultural business communication, try Google’s web directory of cross-cultural business communication sites.

International Sales Contract Basics, Terms of Sale and Methods of Payment

International trade means that business is transacted between vendors and customers located in different countries with their respective differences in law.  The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) governs all contracts for the international sale of goods between parties whose principal places of business are located in the United States and other countries participating in the convention.  The CISG has been adopted by most nations with developed economies and currently applies to two-thirds of all world trade.  Pace University Law School maintains a thorough website on the CISG and International Commercial Law at http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu. 

There are a number of books covering international sales contracts such as-

ICC Model Commercial Agency Contract
ICC Model International Sale Contract
International Business Transactions in a Nutshell
International Commercial Transactions
Negotiating and Structuring International Commercial Transactions

A proper international sales contract should also clearly state the agreed upon terms of sale, that is, the point at which the title to the goods and the financial responsibility thereof devolve from the vendor to the customer.  Such terms are usually specified by the use of Incoterms such as EXW, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, etc. the definitions of which can be found in Incoterms 2000 published by the International Chamber of Commerce.  Online, an explanation of Incoterms can also be found at http://www.i-b-t.net/incoterms.html and http://www.unzco.com/basicguide/c11.html#Terms.

Methods of payment are also spelled out in the contract whether the customer agrees to pay by open account, letter of credit or payment in advance which are the most common terms of payment.  This is normally arranged through your own commercial banker, however, it is important to understand all the various accepted and customary methods of payment for international business transactions.  The online A Basic Guide to Exporting contains a chapter on Methods of Payment.  A letter of credit, often abbreviated as L/C, is the most frequently used method of payment between international buyers and sellers especially if there is no prior history of transactions between the two parties.  According to the site, it is a “document issued by a bank … stating its commitment to pay someone a stated amount of money on behalf of a buyer so long as the seller meets very specific terms and conditions.  Letters of credit are more formally known as "documentary letters of credit.”  Other less common methods of payment include documentary collections, open account and payment in advance.

Some of the library’s reference titles include:

ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits *R-SIBL HG3746.R69

Letters of Credit *R-SIBL HG3745.R69

The Law of Letters of Credit: Commercial and Standby Credits *R-SIBL KF1028.D652

Letters of Credit *R-SIBL KF1028.M331

Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit

*R-SIBL KF1028.W862

International Trade Regulations

When conducting business between the United States and another country, you most likely will have to contend with a multitude of national tariffs, regulations, and documentation requirements of both countries.

Exporting

Generally speaking, if you are the exporter, you are responsible for shipping your product abroad by employing the services of a freight forwarder.  It is the responsibility of your customer, the importer, to deal with import regulations and paying any customs duty in the import country.  He or she usually employs the services of a customs broker to handle these details.  However, if you are exporting a product sensitive to national security, it is your responsibility to be aware of any U.S. export restrictions.  Furthermore, despite the fact that it is not usual for the exporter to be liable for import regulations, it would not be a bad idea to be aware of them for your intended export country.

Finding import regulations of foreign countries is often quite difficult to uncover, however, SIBL holds a limited number of resources. There are also some official and unoffical websites that cover this area as well as U.S. export regulations.

• One can find out about business regulations and practices in foreign countries, including some legal information, through Dun & Bradstreet’s Exporters' Encyclopaedia (*R-SIBL HF3011.E9), which has a several page chapter on almost every country.
• Also in SIBL’s collection is a series of handbooks called Doing Business in … (ex. Doing Business in Japan) published by Price Waterhouse. 
• The U.S. Department of State’s Country Commercial Guides, found within the Globus & NTDB database, contain a section titled “trade regulations and standards” found in each country’s report relating trade restrictions peculiar to that country.
• The Hong Kong Trade Development maintains a page of Customs, Tariffs and Import Duties for hundreds of countries worldwide including necessary documentation, import and export restrictions, contacts, etc.
• Consult U.S. Export Regulations (*R-SIBL KF1987.A15.U84) for handling export products sensitive to national security.
• Information about export documents, licenses and requirements can be found on the Bureau of Industry and Security (formerly the Bureau of Export Administration) and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection sites.
• AES Direct is the U.S. Census Bureau's online database for filing Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) information.
• Trading with the NAFTA countries, Canada and Mexico, is detailed on the U.S. Trade Information Center’s NAFTA site and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection site.

Importing

As an importer you are responsible for knowing all about U.S. import regulations and customs duty.  An experienced customs broker can help immensely with this task.  See the next chapter on Shipping and Logistics for information about finding customs brokers.

• General information about U.S. trade regulations can be found at the website of the U.S. Customs & Border Protection, a division of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.  Here, one finds a variety of links to import duty rates, quotas, international agreements, etc.
• Importing into the United States: A Guide for Commercial Importers – Published by the U.S. Customs Service.
• Customs regulations are found in Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) both in print in the library’s collection and online in the CFR section of the National Archives and Records Administrations site. 
• Import duties are determined by consulting the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) which is available in print in SIBL’s collection and online on the HTS section of the United States International Trade Commission site and also on the HTS section of the U.S. Trade Information Center site.
• Another useful reference work regarding import and United States regulations is the Ports of Entry & U.S. Import Regulations (*R-SIBL KF6680.99.P67) published under the main title of U.S. Custom House Guide.

Shipping and Logistics

When exporting or importing, you will likely need the assistance of third parties to help you complete your business transaction. They have experience in shipping to and dealing with officials and agents in your intended import country.

Freight Forwarders

The process of actually moving your goods overseas can be quite complicated. You must be concerned with packing, labeling, documentation, insurance, foreign and, sometimes domestic, regulations. Freight forwarders can help with all this and determine the most economical means of shipment, whether by land, air or sea.  While you should understand the logistics of export or import, you will almost certainly need the services of a freight forwarder who will handle most of the details for you.

Customs Brokers

Once your shipment has arrived in the port of entry, the services of a customs broker are necessary, but not mandatory, to get them through customs by handling the necessary paperwork, documentation, payment of duty, etc.

Your local chamber of commerce, trade associations, international departments of banks or an international trade specialist can help direct you to reputable freight forwarders or customs brokers. As a start, you can also consult several directories available at the library:

• Membership Directory (National Customs Brokers & Forwarders Association of America) *R-SIBL HJ6685.N36a
• Transportation Telephone Tickler *R-SIBL HE9.U5N7 – A national directory of freight forwarders plus other shipping related services such as customs brokers and cold storage facilities.
• Hereford’s: the International Air Cargo Directory *R-SIBL HE9788.H47
• WWS, World Wide Shipping Guide *R-SIBL HE561.W2 – A directory of sea shipping companies.

  On the web, freight forwarders and customs brokers can be located using:

  • National Customs Brokers & Forwarders Association of America
  • Directory of Freight Forwarding Services
  • Freightworld

International Trade Finance

If you are a businessperson, you probably already have a relationship with a commercial bank which should be the first source of financing you use.  The New York Small Business Resource Center’s Business Owner's Manual has a general section on financing, which is also applicable to financing an import or export business. Listed below are a few Internet sources which may be of particular interest to an exporter:

• SBA Export Working Capital Loan Program
  The U.S. Small Business Administration offers loan guarantees through participating financial institutions of $1,000,000 or less.  SBA Export Express loans are also available for amounts $250,000 and less with a quicker application turn-around time. 
• Export-import Bank of the United States offers loan programs for amounts greater than approximately $1,000,000.
• The U.S. Department of Commerce’s export.gov portal provides a full listing of these two programs in addition to other United States financing schemes.

SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Executives) or your local Small Business Development Center can provide further information and counseling about these and other export/import finance programs.  The U.S. Export Assistance Center is available for information and counseling about these and other export finance opportunities.

International Trade Assistance Resources

There are many New York City area and U.S. Government assistance programs that exist to help the small businessperson cultivate his or her international business venture.

New York City Area Organizations

SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Executives) sponsored by the U.S. Small Business Administration, brings volunteer retired business executives together with entrepreneurs and small business people in order to give them guidance and advice about their small businesses. The New York City chapter can help you with all types of international business matters such as determining fertile markets for your product or service, finding business partners and distributors in foreign markets, or finding financing for your business venture.  In addition to one-on-one counseling, SCORE offers programs and seminars, many of which are related to international trade. SCORE representatives are available at the Science, Industry and Business Library for one hour counseling sessions by appointment Tuesday-Saturday 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and Tuesday-Thursday 4:00 to 7:00 p.m. They can be reached at the library at 212-592-7033 during the above business hours. SCORE can also be contacted at their central New York location: 26 Federal Plaza (Duane St. at Broadway), Room 3100, New York, NY 10278.  Tel: 212-264-4507.

New York U.S. Export Assistance Center of the U.S. Commercial Service, a division of the U.S. Department of Commerce, offers a wide range of one-on-one counseling services helping businesses to export their products and services. They can help identify foreign markets, put you in touch with foreign distributors, agents, and importers, lead you to SBA and Export-Import Bank financing and offer other kinds of general support.  The New York office is located at 20 Exchange Place, 40th Floor, New York, NY 10005.  Tel: 212-809-2675.

Office of the Mayor of the City of New York, Division for International Business – Promotes New York City as a location for international business concerns.

Manhattan International Development Corporation – Site is structured as a directory of trade information resources and a calendar of New York City area international business programs and events.

International Business Offices of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Primarily exists to promote the facilities and services of the Port Authority to foreign businesses.

Empire State Development – Offers, among other services, export marketing counseling for either entering or expanding in foreign markets.  Offices are located in New York City, throughout New York State and abroad in Brazil, Chile, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Israel and Japan.

NEXCO – Hosts many international trade workshops and conferences in New York for international trade professionals.

Baruch College Weissman Center for International Business – Sponsors numerous programs, conferences and forums on topics relating to global economics and international trade.

New York City Business Solutions - While not intended specifically for international trade assistance, this city agency includes a listing of local, state, federal and nonprofit Import/Export Trade Resources

U.S. Government and other Organizations' Resources

SBA Office of International Trade – The international trade advisory service division of the U.S. Small Business Administration.

U.S. Business Advisor International Trade section – The U.S. Small Business Administration’s site for international business information and resources.

U.S. Trade Information Center – Maintained by the International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is intended as a directory of resources to answer the frequently asked questions regarding export such as documentation, regulations, country information, market research, trade events, freight forwarders, assistance programs, etc.

www.export.gov - The official international trade portal created by the U.S. Department of Commerce with many links to materials produced by other U.S. Government agencies related to exporting.

BuyUSA.gov – United States Commercial Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce site to promote the export of U.S. products and services.  Includes “Doing Business in…” guide for each country.

U.S. International Trade Administration – The international trade promotion division of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

U.S. Trade and Development Agency – Fosters U.S. commercial involvement in developing countries and works to improve the infrastructure and business trading environment in those countries.

GlobalEDGE – Michigan State University’s Center for International Business Education and Research portal for international trade research.

Federation of International Trade Associations – Features a regularly updated list of useful websites for international trade professionals.

United States Council for International Business – Represents the interests of American businesspersons to the U.S. Government, United Nations, and European Union among other international bodies.

Business Council for International Understanding – Sponsors programs to encourage dialogue between U.S. business interests and the U.S. and foreign governments.

United States Chamber of Commerce – Includes an online directory of American Chambers of Commerce Abroad

Association of American Chambers of Commerce in Latin America

World Chambers Network – Features an online directory of local chambers of commerce worldwide

International Chamber of Commerce – International body working to increase international trade and job creation.

World Trade Centers Association On-Line – Network of World Trade Centers in place to help business people expand their businesses globally.

Organization of Women in International Trade – Networking organization for women and men doing business in all facets of international trade.

US-ASEAN Business Council – Organ of U.S. private business interests engaged in networking with business associations and government agencies in the 10-country ASEAN market.

U.S.-China Business Council – With offices in Washington, DC, Beijing and Shanghai, this non-profit organization represents the interests of established U.S. corporations as well as small- and medium-sized companies currently operating in China or intending to enter the Chinese market.  Also provides tailored business advisory services along with industry and market research.

Hong Kong Trade Development Council – “The global marketing arm and public service hub for Hong Kong-based manufacturers, traders and service exporters.” Their “activities are especially geared to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the chief drivers of Hong Kong’s trade.”

JETRO (Japan External Trade Organization) – A Japanese government organization “that promotes mutually beneficial investment and trade relations between Japan and other nations.”

European-American Business Council – Represents the interests of EU and U.S. companies in transatlantic trade issues

Central European Business Association - New York based organization which promotes "the mutual advancement of professionals and students interested in economic and business developments taking place in Central Europe"

BISNIS: Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States – Market information resource for U.S. companies interested in conducting business in Russia and former Soviet Republics (Newly Independent States)

Council for Trade and Economic Cooperation (Russia-USA) – Promotes Russian-U.S. contacts on a corporate level by providing a range of services such as consulting & assistance, investment, legal and customs advice.

ArabDatanet – Maintained by the National U.S.-Arab Chamber of Commerce, this site is gateway of business and economic news and information for the Arab world.

Google's Directory of International Business and Trade Associations