<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="/styles/finding.xsl"?>
<!DOCTYPE ead PUBLIC "+//ISBN 1-931666-00-8//DTD ead.dtd (Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Version 2002)//EN" "ead.dtd" [
<!ENTITY nyplogo SYSTEM "nyplogo.gif" NDATA GIF>
]>
<ead>
<eadheader relatedencoding="marc" langencoding="iso639-2b" scriptencoding="iso15924" repositoryencoding="iso15511" countryencoding="iso3166-1" dateencoding="iso8601" audience="internal">
<eadid countrycode="US" mainagencycode="NN" publicid="-//The New YorkPublic Library//TEXT (US::NN::Sc Micro R-3807::Leigh Whipper Papers, 1861-1963, n. d.)//ENG">PUBLIC "-//The New YorkPublic Library//TEXT (US::NN::Sc Micro R-3807::Leigh Whipper Papers, 1861-1963, n. d.)//ENG" "scmwhipr.xml"</eadid>
<filedesc>
<titlestmt>
<titleproper encodinganalog="245$a">Inventory of the Leigh Whipper Papers, <date>1861-1963, n. d. </date></titleproper>
<author encodinganalog="245$c">Processed by Leslie Harrison; machine-readable finding aid created by Apex Data Services; revised by Terry Catapano.</author>
<sponsor>Encoding funded by the generous support of the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation.</sponsor>
</titlestmt>
<publicationstmt>

<p>&#x00A9; <date>2000</date> The New York Public Library. Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. All rights reserved.</p>
</publicationstmt>
</filedesc>
<profiledesc>
<creation encodinganalog="500">Text converted and initial EAD tagging provided by Apex Data Services,
<date>April 1999.</date>
</creation>
<langusage>Description is in <language encodinganalog="546">English</language></langusage>
</profiledesc>
<revisiondesc>
<change encodinganalog="583">
<date>October 16, 2006</date>
<item>EAD v1.0 finding aid converted to EAD 2002 using UC Berkeley's eadv1to2002.pl perl script.</item>
</change>
</revisiondesc>
</eadheader>
<frontmatter>
<titlepage>
<titleproper encodinganalog="245$a">Inventory of the Leigh Whipper Papers, <date>1861-1963</date></titleproper>
<num>Sc Micro R-3807 (Sc MG 47)</num>
<publisher encodinganalog="260$b">Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division<lb/>
<extptr show="embed" actuate="onload" entityref="nyplogo.gif"/><lb/>
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture<lb/>
The New York Public Library<lb/>
New York, New York </publisher>
<list type="simple">

<item>Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. New York Public Library.</item>
<item>515 Malcolm X Boulevard</item>
<item>New York, NY 10037-1801</item>
<item> (212) 491-2224</item>
<item><extref href="mailto:scmarbref@nypl.org" actuate="onload" show="new">
scmarbref@nypl.org</extref></item> 
<item><extref href="http://nypl.org/research/sc/scm/marb.html" actuate="onload" show="new">http://nypl.org/research/sc/scm/marb.html</extref></item>
</list>
<list>
<defitem>
<label>Processed by: </label>
<item>Leslie Harrison</item>
</defitem>
<defitem>
<label>Date Completed: </label>
<item><date>June 1980</date></item>
</defitem>
<defitem>
<label>Encoded By: </label>
<item>Apex Data Services; Terry Catapano</item>
</defitem>
</list>
<sponsor>Encoding funded by the generous support of the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation.</sponsor>
<p> &#x00A9;<date encodingangalog="260$c">2000</date> The New York Public Library. Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. All rights reserved.</p>
</titlepage>
<div>
<head>Preface</head>
<p>This inventory is one of several prepared as a part of the archival preservation program at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, a research division of The New York Public Library.</p>
<p>The Schomburg Centers's archival preservation program involves the organization and preservation of primary source material held by the Center and of significance to the study of the black experience. It, furthermore, includes the preparation of detailed inventories of these records, making the information contained therein accessible as well as available to scholars.</p>
<p>The necessary staff and supplies for this program were made available through a combination of Library, National Endowment for the Humanities grant, and State of New York grant funds.</p>
</div>
</frontmatter>
<archdesc level="collection">
<did>
<head>Descriptive Summary</head>
<unittitle label="Title" encodinganalog="245$a">Leigh Whipper Papers, <unitdate type="inclusive" encodinganalog="245$f">1861-1963, n. d.</unitdate></unittitle>
<unitid label="Collection Number">Sc Micro R-3807 (Sc MG 47)</unitid>
<origination label="Creator">
<persname encodinganalog="100">Whipper, Leigh</persname>
</origination>
<physdesc label="Extent">1 box. Also available on 1 reel of microfilm.</physdesc>
<repository label="Repository" encodinganalog="852">
<corpname> The New York Public Library<lb/>
Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division<lb/>
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture</corpname>
</repository>
<langmaterial label="Languages Represented">
<language langcode="eng">English</language>
</langmaterial>
</did>
<descgrp><head>Administrative Information</head>
<acqinfo encodinganalog="541">
<head>Source</head>
<p>SCM 76-13, SCM 77-32, SCM 77-37, SCM 77-38, SCM 77-61</p>
</acqinfo>
</descgrp>
<bioghist encodinganalog="545">
<head>Biography</head>
<p>Leigh Whipper, one of America's best known character actors, was born in Charleston, South Carolina on October 29, 1876. He grew up in a nearby county where his father, Brigadier General William J. Whipper, was a circuit court judge and a member of two Constitutional Conventions during the Reconstruction Era. His mother, Frances Rollins Whipper, and his sister, Ionia Whipper, were physicians.</p>
<p>Whipper graduated from Howard University Law School in 1895. However, instead of establishing a law practice, he immediately joined the theater. He never attended drama school, but learned his craft by observing the techniques of the prominent actors of his day. Whipper made his first stage appearance in <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Georgia Minstrels,</title> then as an extra, sang <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Old Black Joe</title> in a stock company of <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Uncle Tom's Cabin</title> in Philadelphia in 1899.</p>
<p>Whipper's long and varied career spanned more than sixty-five years. His Broadway credits include <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Stevedore,</title> in which he played Jim Veal; <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">In Abraham's Bosom;</title> <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Three Men on a Horse;</title> <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Of Mice and Men,</title> both on stage and screen; <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Volpone;</title> <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Set My People Free;</title> <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Lysistrata</title> and <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">The Strike.</title> His film credits include <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">The Oxbow incident,</title> in which he played the role of the minister and for which he was nominated for an Academy Award; <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Bahama Passage;</title> <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Untamed Fury,</title> which he narrated; <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">The Harder They Fall</title>; <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Marjorie Morningstar</title> and <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">The Young Don't Cry.</title> Leigh Whipper's most memorable performance was in the movie <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Mission to Moscow</title> in which he portrayed the Emperor Haile Selassie. The Ethiopian government honored him for the scene in which Selassie delivers a speech before the League of Nations.</p>
<p>Whipper was a founding member of the Negro Actors Guild of America, Inc. and was closely associated with that organization all his life. He was the first black member of the Actors Equity Association and a member in good standing of the American Federation of Radio Artists and the Screen Actors Guild.</p>
<p>The vaudeville artist, comedian, lyric writer and actor was married to Lillian Miles and was the father of three children. He died in Harlem Hospital on July 26, 1975 at the age of ninetyeight.</p>
</bioghist>
<scopecontent encodinganalog="520">
<head>Scope and Content Note</head>
<p>The Leigh Whipper Papers, 1861-1963, n.d. reflect his life as an actor, writer and celebrity. The collection consists of PERSONAL PAPERS, CORRESPONDENCE, CONTRACTS, WRITINGS AND TYPESCRIPTS, PLAYSCRIPTS, PROGRAMS and a SCRAPBOOK.</p>
</scopecontent>
<dsc type="combined">
<head>Series Descriptions/Container List</head>
<c01 level="series">
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">1</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Personal Papers, <unitdate type="inclusive" encodinganalog="245$f">1861-1943</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>Among the series are items belonging to Whipper, his father and his wife. Leigh Whipper's own material in this file includes three autograph books, 1928-1942, and membership cards, 1937-1943. The autograph books contain both signatures and notes from friends and colleagues, including Buckwheat, Sterling Hayden, Roland Hayes, Rose McClendon and Fred MacMurray. The membership cards pertain to some of the clubs and association to which Whipper belonged, such as the Colored Actors and Performers Association, Colored Thomas Jefferson Club, Inc., Rhythm Club and Turf Club. The papers of his father include a copy of a speech he delivered before the South Carolina House of Representatives, a description of his pension plan and deeds for land he had purchased. A Power of Attorney authorizing Lillian Whipper to dispose of the property of her deceased mother, is also included in this file.</p>
</scopecontent>
</c01>
<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Correspondence</unittitle>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>The majority of the series is comprised of letters and telegrams of congratulations on the opening of shows and movies and in honor of the reception held for Whipper in 1961. Correspondents of note include William C. Handy, Jacob K. Javits, Louis J. Lefkowits, Hattie McDaniel, Bayard Rustin and Ed Sullivan. This incoming correspondence has been arranged alphabetically by sender's last name and chronologically therein. The collection includes very little outgoing correspondence. There is a letter to his brother, telegrams to his wife and children and a letter to Eddie Cantor. The outgoing letters are arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name following the incoming correspondence.</p>
</scopecontent>
<c02>
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">2</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Incoming, <unitdate type="inclusive">1926-1961</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
</c02>
<c02>
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">3</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Outgoing, <unitdate type="inclusive">1930-1944</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
</c02>
</c01>
<c01 level="series">
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">4</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Contracts, <unitdate type="inclusive">1940-1942</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>The series relates to Whipper's association with the Twentieth Century Music Corporation and his services as an actor in the play <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Medicine Show.</title></p>
</scopecontent>
</c01>
<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Writings and Typescripts</unittitle>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>The series includes poems, sketches, and song lyrics by Whipper or written with the collaboration of others. There are also typescripts, articles, song lyrics and poems by other authors, some of whom are anonymous. Whipper's writings relate to his work in the theater and consist mostly of lyrics that have been used in plays in which he performed or lyrics written for commercial use. The writings of other artists pertain mostly to Whipper. Included is a thin volume of verse and reminiscence by Romeo L. Dougherty dedicated to Whipper. The typescripts reflect the breadth of the material with which Whipper was involved. Among the typescripts is one entitled <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">We's Risin': a story of the simple life in the souls of black folk,</title> a musical comedy by Porter Grainger and Leigh Whipper. Some of the typescripts have handwritten annotations. The Writings and Typescripts are arranged alphabetically by title within three files: those by Whipper, those by other authors and anonymous items.</p>
</scopecontent>
<c02>
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">5</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Whipper, Leigh, <unitdate>1927, n.d.</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
</c02>
<c02>
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">6</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Other Artists, <unitdate>n.d.</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
</c02>
<c02>
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">7</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Anonymous, <unitdate>n.d.</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
</c02>
</c01>
<c01 level="series">
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">8</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Playscripts, <unitdate>n.d.</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>The series consists of typescripts of the parts Whipper performed in different plays. Of particular note are the roles he played in Aristophane's <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Lysistrata</title> and Steinbeck's <title render="doublequote" actuate="onrequest">Of Mice and Men.</title></p>
</scopecontent>
</c01>
<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle>Programs</unittitle>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>The series is divided into two categories: programs of Whipper's performances and programs relating to other artists. Each group of programs is arranged in chronological order.</p>
</scopecontent>
<c02>
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">9</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Whipper, Leigh, <unitdate type="inclusive">1924-1962</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
</c02>
<c02>
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">10</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Other Artists, <unitdate type="inclusive">1940-1963</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
</c02>
</c01>
<c01 level="series">
<did>
<container type="box">1</container>
<container type="folder">11</container>
<container type="reel">1</container>
<unittitle>Scrapbook, <unitdate type="inclusive">1887-1938, n.d.</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>Contains clippings, programs and photographs that highlight Whipper's illustrious career. There are also photographs of Whipper's family.</p>
</scopecontent>
</c01>
</dsc>
</archdesc>
</ead>
