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Miriam & Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs
Art & Architecture Collection

New York City Architecture: how to research a building

Researching a New York City building can be daunting and complicated.  Based on the handout for the Investigating New York City Architecture Class from the Art & Architecture Collection of the Humanities and Social Sciences Library, this guide will introduce you to the vast number of resources relating to the architecture of New York City that are in the collections of the New York Public Library, as well as other institutions.

The reference works in this guide, along with selected reference tools can all be found in the Miriam & Ira D. Wallach Division of Art & Architecture (Room 300) or in the collections of the Milstein Division of United States History, Local History & Genealogy Division and the Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division of the Library.

Compiled by Vincenzo Rutigliano, Art & Architecture Collection, 08/08



Landmark Buildings and Districts

When starting your research, you should verify if the building is a landmark or located in a landmark district.  If so you should access the very detailed designation reports by the Landmarks Preservation Commission, which “explain the architectural, historical and cultural significance of an individual landmark or historic district”

A quick way to find out if your building is a landmark is by looking at the following guidebooks of New York City:

Diamonstein, Barbaralee.The Landmarks of New York: an illustrated record of the city's historic buildings.  New York: Monacelli Press, 2005.

Dolkart, Andrew.  Guide to New York City Landmarks.  Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2004.

The Landmarks Preservation Commission is the New York City agency that is responsible for identifying and designating landmarks.  On their website you may access recent and some historical designation reports for individual landmarks and historic districts

The Neighborhood Preservation Center and the Landmarks Preservation Commission have joined together to provide access to all the designation reports, beginning in 1965 to the present.  This is an ongoing project, so reports are still being posted

To learn more about the great undertaking of the preservation of buildings of New York check out the book: Preserving New York: winning the right to protect a city's landmarks by Anthony C. Wood



Guidebooks


A guidebook may provide basic information on the building, its address, architect, area (neighborhood/district), as well as information on buildings that no longer exist or street name changes

The AIA Guide to New York City is a great place to start your research, along with the following:

Federal Writers’ Project.  New York City Guide.  New York: Octagon Books, 1970 [c1939].

Hart, Harold H.  Hart's Guide to New York City.  New York: Hart Pub. Co., 1964. 

King, Moses.  King's Handbook of New York City.  Boston, Mass, 1893.

Rider, Fremont.  Rider's New York City.  New York: The Macmillan Company, 1924. 

Silver, Nathan.  Lost New York.  Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967.

Stokes, I.N. Phelps.  The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909.  Mansfield, CT: Martino Fine Books; Union, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 1998 [c1915-1928].

White, Norval.  AIA Guide to New York City.  New York: Crown Pub., 2000. 

WPA Guide to New York City.  New York: The New Press, 1992 [c1939]. 


Architects and Architectural Firms


If the name of the architect or firm is known, the following biographical resources may provide further information:

American Architects Directory.  New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1956-1970.

Artist Files. A clippings file of ephemera on microfiche, located in the Art & Architecture Division, Room 300.  It provides entries for architects, as well as architectural firms.

Avery Library.  Avery Obituary Index of Architects.  Boston: G.K. Hall, 1980.

Biography and Genealogy Master Index.  Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1980-.

Online database available onsite in the HSSL Library

Contemporary Architects.  3rd Edition.  New York: St. James Press, 1994.

Francis, Dennis Steadman.  Architects in Practice, New York City, 1840-1900.  New York: The Committee, 1980.

King, Moses.  Notable New Yorkers of 1896-1899.  New York: M. King, 1899.

Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects.  New York: Free Press, 1982.

Ward, James.  Architects in Practice, New York City, 1900-1940.  Union, NJ: J & D Associates, 1989.

Withey, Henry F.  Biographical Dictionary of American Architects (Deceased).  Los Angeles: New Age Pub. Co., 1956.

New York Architecture



General New York City architectural history books are excellent sources for information on architects and architectural styles. They are heavily illustrated with images of city buildings:

Andrews, Wayne. Architecture in New York: a photographic history. New York: Atheneum, 1969.

Architectural Research Materials in New York City: a guide to resources in all five boroughs. New York: The Committee, 1977.

Balfour, Alan. New York. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Academy, 2001.

Boyer, M. Christine. Manhattan Manners: architecture and style, 1850-1900. New York: Rizzoli, 1985.

Breeze, Carla. New York Deco. New York: Rizzoli, 1993.

Gayle, Margot. Cast-iron Architecture in New York: a photographic survey. New York: Dover Publications, 1974.

Gillon, Edmund Vincent. Beaux-Arts Architecture in New York: a photographic guide. New York: Dover Publications, 1988.

Goldstone, Harmon H. History Preserved: a guide to New York City landmarks and historic districts. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974.

Gray, Christopher. New York Streetscapes: tales of Manhattan's significant buildings and landmarks. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2003.

Kathrens, Michael C. Great Houses of New York, 1880-1930. New York: Acanthus Press, 2005.

Lockwood, Charles. Bricks & Brownstone; the New York row house, 1783-1929. 2nd Edition. New York: Rizzoli, 2003.

Lowe, David. Art Deco New York. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 2004.

Marshall, Bruce. Building New York: the rise and rise of the greatest city on Earth. New York: Universe, 2005.

New York Architecture, 1970-1990. Edited by Heinrich Kolz with Luminita Sabau. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.

Olenick, Andy. Historic New York: architectural journeys in the Empire State. Rochester, NY: Landmark Society of Western New York , Inc. in conjunction with Preservation League of New York State and New York State Council on the Arts, 2006.

Reynolds, Donald M. The Architecture of New York City: histories and views of important structures, sites, and symbols. New York: J. Wiley, 1994.

Silver, Nathan. Lost New York. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967.

Stern, Robert A. M. New York 1880: architecture and urbanism in the gilded age. New York: Monacelli Press, 1999.

Stern, Robert A. M. New York 1900: metropolitan architecture and urbanism, 1890-1915. New York: Rizzoli, 1983.

Stern, Robert A. M. New York 1930: architecture and urbanism between the two world wars. New York: Rizzoli, 1987.

Stern, Robert A. M. New York 1960: architecture and urbanism between the Second World War and the Bicentennial. New York: Monacelli Press, 1995.

Stern, Robert A. M. New York 2000: architecture and urbanism between the Bicentennial and the Millennium. New York: Monacelli Press, 2006.

Stokes, I. N. Phelps. The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909. Mansfield, CT: Martino Fine Books; Union, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange, 1998.

Tauranac, John. Elegant New York: the builders and the buildings, 1885-1915. New York: Abbeville Press, 1985.

Wolfe, Gerard R. New York: a Guide to the Metropolis: walking tours of architecture and history. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

Wood, Anthony C. Preserving New York: winning the right to protect a city's landmarks. New York: Routledge, 2008.

New York History

Books on the history of New York City may provide information on architectural styles or architects working during specific time periods.  They are also well illustrated:

Ashton, Dore. New York.  New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972.

Burrows, Edwin G. and Mike Wallace.  Gotham: a history of New York City to 1898.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Deak, Gloria-Gilda.  Picturing New York: the city from its beginnings to the present.  New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

Dunshee, Kenneth Holcomb.  As You Pass By.  New York: Hastings House, 1952.

Edmiston, Susan.Literary New York: a history and guide. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976.

The Encyclopedia of New York City.  Edited by Kenneth T. Jackson.  New York: New York Historical Society, 1995.

Kouwenhoven, John Atlee.The Columbia Historical Portrait of New York: an essay in graphic history in honor of the tricentennial of New York City and the bicentennial of Columbia University.  Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1953.

Kroessler, Jeffrey A.New York Year by Year: a chronology of the great metropolis.  New York: New York University Press, 2002.

Rock, Howard B.Cityscapes: a history of New York in images.  New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.

Trager, James.  The New York Chronology: the ultimate compendium of events, people, and anecdotes from the Dutch to the present. New York: HarperResource, 2003.

Walsh, Kevin.  Forgotten New York: views of a lost metropolis.  New York: Collins, 2006.


Zuba, Jesse.  Bloom's Literary Guide to New York. New York: Checkmark Books, 2007.



Apartment Houses


The apartment buildings of New York helped shape the construction of 1920s Manhattan.  These books will contain information on the apartments of New York City with photographs and floor plans:

1913 supplement to the World's loose leaf album of apartment houses...  New York: World, 1913.

Digitized version available in our Digital Gallery at 1913 Supplement to the World's Loose Leaf Album

Alpern, Andrew.  Apartments for the affluent: New York's fabulous luxury apartments.  New York: Dover Publications, 1987, c1975.

Alpern, Andrew.  Historic Manhattan Apartment Houses.  New York: Dover, 1995.

Alpern, Andrew.  Luxury Apartment Houses of Manhattan: an illustrated history.  New York: Dover, 1992.

Alpern, Andrew.  New York's fabulous luxury apartments: with original floor plans from the Dakota, River House, Olympic Tower, and other great building.  New York: Dover Publications, 1987, c1975.

Apartment Houses of the Metropolis.  New York: G.C. Hesselgren Pub. Co., 1908. 

   Digitized version available in our Digital Gallery at Apartment Houses of the Metropolis.

"Classic 6": New York City Apartment Building Living, 1880s-1910s.

Views and floor plans for apartment buildings within New York City.  A digitized version is available in our Digital Gallery at "Classic 6": New York City Apartment Building Living, 1880s-1910s

Cromley, Elizabeth C.  Alone Together: a history of New York's early apartments.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.

Douglas Elliman (Firm).  The Douglas Elliman Locator: plans of the principal apartment houses east and south of Central Park.  New York, 1923.

Esten, John.  Manhattan style.  Boston: Little, Brown, 1990.

Hawes, Elizabeth.  New York, New York: how the apartment house transformed the life of the city (1869-1930).  New York: A.A. Knopf, 1993.

Norton, Thomas E.  Living it up: a guide to the named apartment houses of New York.  New York: Atheneum, 1984.

Pease & Elliman.  Pease & Elliman's catalogue of East Side of New York apartment plans.  New York, 1925.

Pease & Elliman.  Pease & Elliman's catalogue of East Side New York apartment plans.  New York, 1929.

   Plunz, Richard.  A History of Housing in New York City: dwelling type and social change in the American metropolis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.

Select Realty Register, Inc.  The Select Register of Apartment House Plans, New York City.  New York: Select Realty Register, 1957-.

Sexton, Randolph Williams.  American Apartment Houses of Today: illustrating plans, details, exteriors and interiors of modern city and suburban apartment houses throughout the United States.  New York: Architectural Book Pub. Co., 1926.

The World's Loose Leaf Album of Apartment Houses: containing views and ground plans of the principal high class apartment houses in New York City, together with a map showing the situation of these houses, transportation facilities, etc.  New York: World, 1910.

Digitized version available in our Digital Gallery at The World's Loose Leaf Album of Apartment Houses

Office Buildings and Skyscrapers



In the 1800s, church spires were the dominant viewpoints.  Today, towering office buildings and skyscrapers shape the skyline.  The following books describe pertinent architects, buildings, and dimensions:

Abramson, Daniel M.Skyscraper Rivals: the AIG Building and the architecture of Wall Street.  New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2001.

Ballard, Robert F. R.  Directory of Manhattan office buildings.  New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.

Bennett, David.  Skyscrapers: form & function.  New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

Brockmann, Jorg.  One Thousand New York Buildings.  New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2002.

Landau, Sarah Bradford.  Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865-1913. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

Nash, Eric Peter.Manhattan Skyscrapers. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005.


Real Estate Books and Periodicals



The real estate industry of New York City is vast and its records may contain information on the property, building, architect with photographs and floor plans:

A History of Real Estate, building, and architecture in New York City during the last quarter of a century. New York: Arno Press, 1967.

Real Estate Brochure Collection of the Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy

Images and information for hundreds of large New York City (principally Manhattan) office and apartment buildings in the form of original real estate prospectuses and pamphlets

Real Estate Resources at SIBL

A research guide by the Science, Industry and Business Library (SIBL)

 

Library Catalogs

Library catalogs maybe used to locate books and materials on a particular building, neighborhood, architect or architectural firm, as well as drawings, papers and archives:

Online catalog for the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library of Columbia University

Online catalog of Libraries throughout the United States and International


Databases

The following resources may be used to locate pamphlets, images, drawings and plans within articles in newspapers, magazines and journals.  These are subscription based databases that may only be accessible within the HSSL Library building:

Provides full-text articles for over 1,000 magazines, journals and newspapers published between 1740 and 1940.  It contains access to the architectural periodical American Architect and Building News from 1876 to 1908 and its predecessor the American Architect from 1909 to 1921

Full-text access to American newspapers published from 1690-1922

Index to articles in major art and architecture magazines and bulletins from 1929-1984.  It is preceded by Art Full Text for 1984 to the present

  • Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals
  • An index to architectural periodicals, which includes archaeology, decorative arts, interior design, furniture, landscape architecture and city planning, as well as architects’ obituaries.  The best resource to obtain information, drawings, plans and photographs on a building

  • New York Times
  • Provides complete full-text access to the articles of The New York Times from 1851 to the present.  A treasure trove for locating obituaries and Department of Buildings notices for new buildings

Access to the full-text articles from the New York Tribune, 1900-1910.  The database 19th Century Masterfile provides an index to the New York Daily Tribune from 1875-1906

  • Proquest Historical Newspapers
  • Searchable full-text articles from the New York Amsterdam News (1922-1993), New York Times (1851-2004), New York Tribune (1900-1910), Wall Street Journal (1889-1990), and the ProQuest Civil War Era database that includes the New York Herald (1840-1865) and thousands of magazine articles published from 1740 to 1940

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