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The Romanovs: Their Empire, Their Books.
The Political, Religious, Cultural, and Social Life of Russia's Imperial House

Case 3: Empire



Illuminated patent of nobility
(gramota), signed by Emperor
Nicholas I. St. Petersburg, 1836.
NYPL, Slavic and Baltic Division.

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During the 300-year reign of the Romanov dynasty, their realm kept expanding. The tsars and emperors acquired (in modern terminology) Ukraine and Crimea, the Baltic States, most of Poland, Belarus', the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Maritime Territory in the Pacific, and Russian America. It was not easy to have complete knowledge and understanding of the extremely varied physical features of this empire, whose contours and limits were the object of constant explorations. This was also the case for its economic resources and for its numerous peoples, differing in looks, speech, religion, and traditions.

In an effort to reaffirm the legitimacy of this vast and ethnically diverse empire, the Romanovs sought to underline continuity with the past, and thereby foster a sense of stability and identity among the population. For the Romanovs, this meant promoting awareness of the earliest periods when Christianity was introduced in Kievan Rus' during the tenth century, and the Russian frontier town of Moscow grew into a large sixteenth-century tsardom that eventually became the "All-Russian (Vserossiiskaia) Empire."

Next Section: Case 4: War

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