Spain

General works
The War and its aftermath
Further research

General works

Abellan, José Luis. Sociología del 98. Barcelona: Ediciones Peninsula, 1973. [JLC 76-756] Sociological interpretation of the 1898 generation and its most prominent authors.

Carr, Raymond. Spain, 1808-1975. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982. [*R-BXB 91-8570] General history of modern Spain. Second edition reflects recent trends in scholarship. Chronological table, maps, bibliographic essay, and index.

Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europea-americana. 72 vols. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1958. [*R-*AV] Appendix and supplements also available.

Gran enciclopedia Rialp. 24 vols. Madrid: Ediciones Rialp, 1971-1976. [*RR-*AV 77-4111]

Historical Dictionary of Modern Spain, 1700-1988. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990. [*R-BXB 90-4458] Entries on people, cities, wars, colonies, and social groups. Chronology, selected bibliography, and index.

Kamen, Henry Arthur Francis. Concise History of Spain. London: Thames and Hudson, 1973. [JFE 75-1346] General history of Spain. Numerous illustrations. Suggestions for further reading.

Kern, Robert. Liberals, Reformers, and Caciques in Restoration Spain, 1875-1909. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1974. [JFE 75-2269]

Laín Entralgo, Pedro. La generación del noventa y ocho. Madrid: Distribuidor E. Masia Alonso, 1945. [D-10 5177]

Madariaga, Salvador de. Spain; a modern history. New York: Praeger, 1960. [E-11 5271] Sweeping, impressionistic view of Spanish history with an emphasis on the development of the national character. No footnotes or bibliography.

Manual de historia de España. Madrid: Historia 16, 1990-. [*RR-BXB 90-2694] Multi-volume history of Spain with an emphasis on social and political history. Volume V deals with the 19th century. Color illustrations, chronology, index, and list of cabinet officials in each government.

Ortega y Gasset, José. Ensayos sobre la "Generación del 98" y otros escritores españoles contemporáneos. 2da ed. Madrid: Revista de Occidente en Alianza, 1989. [JFC 99-732]

Smith, Angel. Historical Dictionary of Spain. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996. [*R-BXB 96-15348] Emphasis on Spanish history, politics, and economic life. Chronology, maps, and bibliography.

The War and its aftermath

Allendesalazar, José Manuel. El 98 de los americanos. 2da ed. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 1997. [ILG 98-5836]

Balfour, Sebastian. End of the Spanish Empire, 1898-1923. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. [JFD 97-7223] Following a description of the loss of the Spanish colonies in 1898, the author examines the impact of the war on Spanish society, politics and the military. Extensive bibliography cites archival sources, government documents, periodicals, personal narratives, and secondary sources. Illustrations consist of cartoons from Spanish newspapers.

Companys Monclus, Julián. España en 1898: entre la diplomacia y la guerra. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 1991. [JFE 97-772] Study of the diplomatic crisis leading to the declaration of war by the U.S. Emphasis on the negotiations engaged in by the McKinley administration. Discusses the Maine incident and press rivalries in the U.S. as a cause of the war. Appendices contain English and Spanish texts of important diplomatic notes exchanged by the U.S. and Spanish governments.

Fusi, Juan Pablo, ed. Vísperas del 98: orígenes y antecedentes de la crisis del 98. Madrid: Editorial Biblioteca Nueva, 1997. [JFE 97-13624]

Laín Entralgo, Pedro and Carlos Seco Serrano, eds. España en 1898: las claves del desastre. Barcelona: Galaxia Gutenberg: Círculo de Lectores, 1998. [JFD 98-16158]

Marinas Otero, Luis. La herencia del 98. Madrid: Editora Nacional, 1967. [JFD 72-1673] An overview of the intellectual history of Spain, the war in Cuba, and the consequences of the national defeat in 1898. Few footnotes, no bibliography.

Pan-Montojo, Juan, ed. Más se perdió en Cuba: España, 1898 y la crisis de fin de siglo. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1998. [JFE 98-10136]

Pérez Delgado, Rafael. 1898: el año del desastre. Madrid: Tebas, 1976. [ILG 77-2542] Lengthy discussion of the political and historical development of Spain and the Spanish empire, culminating in the war of 1898. Highlights the decisive impact of Spain's defeat on later history and intellectual life. Contains month by month chronology of events in 1898.

Robles Muñoz, Cristóbal. 1898: diplomacia y opinión. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1991. [ILG 92-10590]

Rubio, Javier. La cuestión de Cuba y las relaciones con los Estados Unidos durante el reinado de Alfonso XII: los orígenes del "desastre" de 1898. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 1995. [JFF 97-647] A thorough historical analysis of the circumstances that lead to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War. In addition to books and articles, the bibliography includes unpublished documents and document collections. Also contains the full text of twelve relevant official documents.

Serrano, Carlos. Final del imperio - España, 1895-1898. Madrid: Siglo Veintiuno de España Editores, 1984. [JFC 85-272]

Further research

González Olle, Fernando. Manual bibliográfico de estudios españoles. Pamplona: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 1976. [*RS-BX 78-2302] General bibliography of sources on all aspects of Spanish history, culture, geography, economics, natural history, etc. Not annotated.

Indice histórico español. Barcelona, 1953-. [BXA] Lib has: 1953-63, 1983-present. Current issues in Room 108.

Sánchez Alonso, Benito. Fuentes de la historia española e hispanoamericana: ensayo de bibliografía sistemática de impresos y manuscritos que ilustran la historia política de España y sus antiguas provincias de ultramar. 3rd ed., 3 vols. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Miguel de Cervantes, 1952. [BX] Exhaustive bibliography of sources on the history of Spain and the Spanish Empire. Covers works published in Spain as well as other countries, including the U.S. Indexed by subject and author. Not annotated.

Shields, Graham J. Spain. Oxford, England; Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio Press, 1994. [*RS-BX 95-4715] A concise general bibliography on Spanish history, culture, geography, politics, religion, past and present. Contains a chronology of important events and lists of rulers.

Illustration from: Green, Nathan C. The War with Spain and Story of Spain and Cuba. Baltimore: International News and Book Co., 1898. Photographic Services & Permissions