Banned Books Week is an annual event celebrating the freedom to read. It was launched in 1982 in response to a sudden surge in the number of challenges to books in schools, bookstores and libraries. The celebration is typically held during the last week of September, and it is meant to draw national attention to the harms of censorship. Even though books continue to be banned, part of the celebration is the fact that, in a majority of cases, many of the books have remained available.

Challenged Books vs. Banned Books

A challenge is an attempt to remove or restrict materials, based upon the objections of a person or group. A banning is the removal of those materials. Challenges do not simply involve a person expressing a point of view; rather, they are an attempt to remove material from the curriculum or library, thereby restricting the access of others. Due to the commitment of librarians, teachers, parents, students and other concerned citizens, most challenges are unsuccessful and most materials are retained in the school curriculum or library collection.

Below is a list of books that ALA highlighted last year in their timeline of banned and challenged books.

Slaughterhouse-five by Kurt Vonnegut

In 1976 the Island Trees (NY) School Board removed the book because it was "anti-American, anti-Christian, anti-Semitic and just plain filthy."

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou

In 1983, four members of the Alabama State Textbook Committee called for the rejection of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, claiming the work preaches "bitterness and hatred toward white people and encourages deviant behavior because of references to lesbianism, premarital sex and profanity."

The Color Purple by Alice Walker

In 1984, The Color Purple was challenged as appropriate reading for Oakland, CA high school honors classes due to the work's "sexual and social explicitness" and its "troubling ideas about race relations, man's relationship to God, African history and human sexuality." After nine months of negotiations and delays, a divided Oakland Board of Education gave formal approval for the book's use.

In The Night Kitchen by Maurice Sendak

In 1985, In the Night Kitchen was challenged at the Cunningham Elementary School in Beloit, WI because the book was believed to desensitize children to nudity.

Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Patterson

Paterson's novel for young people was challenged in 1986 as recommended reading for 6th grade students in the Lincoln, NE schools. Parents objected to the book's "profanity" including the phrase "Oh, Lord" and the use of "Lord" as an expletive.

Forever by Judy Blume

In 1987, Forever was challenged at the Moreno Valley, CA Unified School District libraries for "profanity, sexual situations, and themes that allegedly encourage disrespectful behavior." It was challenged in the same year at the Marshwood Junior High School classroom library in Eliot, ME because the book "does not paint a responsible role of parents" and because the "pornographic sexual exploits (in the book) are unsuitable for junior high school role models."

The Chocolate War by Robert Cormier

In 1988, The Chocolate War was challenged by a middle school principal in West Hernando, FL, who recommended the novel be removed from the school library shelves for being "inappropriate."

The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie

The Satanic Verses sparked worldwide controversy for its religious content and alleged blasphemy. The novel was banned in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Somalia, Sudan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Qatar, Indonesia, South Africa, and India in 1989 because of its criticism of Islam. Sales of the book were restricted or criminalized in Venezuela, Japan, Bulgaria, and Poland. Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini issued a fatwa or religious edict, stating, "I inform the proud Muslim people of the world that the author of 'The Satanic Verses,' which is against Islam, the prophet, and the Koran, and all those involved in its publication who were aware of its content, have been sentenced to death." In the U.S., the novel was also challenged at the Wichita, KS Public Library in 1989 as "blasphemous to the prophet Mohammed."

Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark by Alvin Schwartz

In 1990, Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark was challenged in the Livonia, MI schools because the poems were thought to frighten first grade children.

Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck

Of Mice and Men was the target of numerous complaints in 1991. The novella was challenged as curriculum material at the Ringgold High School in Carroll Township, PA because it contains terminology offensive to blacks. It was deemed "indecent," removed, and later returned to the Suwannee, FL High School library. At the Jacksboro, TN High School, it was challenged for containing "blasphemous" language, excessive cursing, and sexual overtones. The book was also challenged as required reading in the Buckingham County, VA schools that year because of profanity.

Go Ask Alice by Anonymous

In 1993, Go Ask Alice was removed from the Wall Township, NJ Intermediate School library by the Superintendent of Schools because the book contains "inappropriate" language and "borders on pornography." Responding to an anonymous letter, the superintendent ordered the book removed from all reading lists and classroom book collections. It was also removed from an English class at Buckhannon Upshur (WV) High School because of graphic language in the book. At the Johnstown, NY High School, Go Ask Alice was challenged as a required reading assignment because of numerous obscenities.

The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison

The Bluest Eye was pulled from an eleventh grade classroom at Lathrop High School in Fairbanks, AK in 1994 by school administrators because "it was a very controversial book; it contains a lot of very graphic descriptions and lots of disturbing language." The same year, it was challenged at the West Chester, PA schools as "most pornographic" and banned from the Morrisville, PA Borough High School English curriculum, after complaints about its sexual content and objectionable language.

To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee

In 1995, the book was challenged in Moss Point, MS and at the Santa Cruz, CA Schools because of its racial themes. It was removed from the Southwood High School Library in Caddo Parish, LA that same year because its language and content were found objectionable.

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

In May 1996, a class action lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court in Phoenix, alleging that the district deprived minority students of educational opportunities by requiring racially offensive literature as part of class assignments. A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit, stating he realized that "language in the novel was offensive and hurtful to the plaintiff," but that the suit failed to prove the district violated students' civil rights.

All but Alice by Phyllis Reynolds

In 1997, All but Alice was restricted to students with parental permission at the Monroe Elementary School library in Thorndike, ME. It was also removed from the District 196 elementary school libraries in Rosemont-Apple Valley-Eagan, MN because of a brief passage in which the seventh-grade heroine discusses sexually oriented rock lyrics with her father and older brother; the school board considered the book inappropriate for the ages of the students.

Daddy's Roommate by Michael Willhoite

In 1998, Daddy's Roommate was challenged at the Brevard County (FL) Library and at the Hays (KS) Public Library, where a resident objected to the picture book's "teaching of the homosexual lifestyle as another way to show love." At the Wichita Falls (TX) Public Library, when a request to have the book banned failed, the complainant kept the book from other patrons by keeping it checked out for a year. The deacon body of the First Baptist Church requested that any literature that promotes or sanctions a homosexual lifestyle be removed. After the Wichita Falls City Council established a policy allowing library card holders who collect 300 signatures to have children's books moved to an adult portion of the library, U.S. District Court Judge Jerry Buchmeyer ordered attorneys to agree to a restraining order, which put the books back in the children's section.

Fallen Angels by Walter Dean Myers

In 1999, Fallen Angels was removed from the Laton, CA Unified School District because the novel about the Vietnam War contains violence and profanity. The same year, it was removed as required reading in the Livonia, MI public schools because it was found to contain "too many swear words."

Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger

In 2001, Catcher in the Rye was removed by a Dorchester District 2 school board member in Summerville, SC who believed it to be "a filthy, filthy book." The same year, it was challenged by a Glynn County, GA school board member because of profanity, but was retained.

The Giver by Lois Lowry

In 2003, The Giver was challenged as suggested reading for eighth-grade students in Blue Springs, MO, where parents called the book "lewd" and "twisted" and pleaded for it to be tossed out of the district. The book was reviewed by two committees and recommended for retention, but the controversy continued for more than two years.

King & King by Linda de Haan

In 2004, King & King was restricted to adults in a school's library in Wilmington, NC. It was also moved from the children's section to the adult section at the Shelbyville-Shelby County, IN Public Library because the book's homosexual story was considered inappropriate by a parent. The following year, over seventy Oklahoma state legislators called for the book to be removed from the children's section and placed in the adult section of the Metropolitan Library System in Oklahoma City, OK.

It's Perfectly Normal: A Book about Changing Bodies, Growing Up, Sex and Sexual Health by Robie H. Harris

In 2005, this book was challenged but retained at the Holt Middle School parent library in Fayetteville, AR, despite a parent's complaint that it was sexually explicit.

And Tango Makes Three by Justin Richardson

And Tango Makes Three was challenged at the Shiloh, IL Elementary School library, where a committee of school employees and a parent suggested the book be moved to a separate shelf, requiring parental permission before checkout. The school's superintendent, however, rejected the proposal and the book remained on open library shelves.

The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky

In 2009, The Perks of Being a Wallflower was challenged on the Wyoming, OH high school district's suggested reading list and restricted to juniors and seniors at the William Byrd and Hidden Valley high schools in Roanoke, VA. It was also challenged at the West Bend, WI Community Memorial Library as being "obscene or child pornography." The library board ultimately voted to retain the book, "without removing, relocating, labeling, or otherwise restricting access."

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian by Sherman Alexie

In 2011, the Richland (WA) School Board voted to prohibit The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian for all grades, though the initial complaint came in regard to its use for ninth-grade English classes. The following month, after public outcry and after board members and district committee members read the novel, the book was declared to be "outstanding" and the decision to ban it was reversed.